Spectrum of neurovascular complications from central nervous system infections (viral, bacterial and fungal)

In the following pictorial review, common and uncommon neurovascular complications associated with a spectrum of viral, bacterial and fungal infections involving the central nervous system will be illustrated. These complications include cerebral vascular insult, venous thrombosis, vasculitis and aneurysm formation. They can occur as separate entities but are often inter-related. The imaging features of neurovascular complication related to infections can provide clues and aid diagnosis when considering the potential mode of infectious spread and the type of potential infectious organism involved. The radiological appearances vary from common features that are shared by several types of pathogens to typical characteristics of a type of infectious organism.

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Fungal Infections of the Central Nervous System: A Pictorial Review

Journal of Clinical Imaging Science ◽

10.4103/2156-7514.184244 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. 24 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Jose Gavito-Higuera ◽

Carola Birgit Mullins ◽

Luis Ramos-Duran ◽

Cristina Ivette Olivas Chacon ◽

Nawar Hakim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Fungal Infections ◽

Imaging Modality ◽

Fatal Outcome ◽

Immunocompromised Patients ◽

Virus Infections ◽

System A ◽

Pictorial Review ◽

The Central Nervous System

Fungal infections of the central nervous system (CNS) pose a threat to especially immunocompromised patients and their development is primarily determined by the immune status of the host. With an increasing number of organ transplants, chemotherapy, and human immunodeficiency virus infections, the number of immunocompromised patients as susceptible hosts is growing and fungal infections of the CNS are more frequently encountered. They may result in meningitis, cerebritis, abscess formation, cryptococcoma, and meningeal vasculitis with rapid disease progression and often overlapping symptoms. Although radiological characteristics are often nonspecific, unique imaging patterns can be identified through computer tomography as a first imaging modality and further refined by magnetic resonance imaging. A rapid diagnosis and the institution of the appropriate therapy are crucial in helping prevent an often fatal outcome.

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Extensive systemic metastases from primary central nervous system haemangiopericytoma

BJR|case reports ◽

10.1259/bjrcr.20190081 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 20190081

Author(s):

Chi Long Ho ◽

Jeremy JH Lam ◽

Robert Chun Chen

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Fatal Outcome ◽

Imaging Features ◽

Tumour Control ◽

Local Tumour Control ◽

Meningeal Tumour ◽

Local Tumour ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

Extracranial Metastases

Primary intracranial tumours rarely metastasise outside of the central nervous system (CNS). This report describes a rare case of recurrent meningeal haemangiopericytoma with extensive systemic metastases, which eventually resulted in a fatal outcome. We discuss some prevailing theories as to the rarity of extracranial metastases from primary CNS haemangiopericytoma, and elucidate the epidemiology, imaging features, differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of this unusual but surprisingly aggressive meningeal tumour. Besides aggressive treatment for local tumour control, patients with primary CNS haemangiopericytoma require long-term post-treatment surveillance to detect systemic metastases.

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Cryptococcal and Other Fungal Infections of the Central Nervous System

Infections of the Nervous System - Clinical Topics in Infectious Disease ◽

10.1007/978-1-4613-9698-7_17 ◽

1990 ◽

pp. 220-233 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Paul D. Hoeprich

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Fungal Infections ◽

The Central Nervous System

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Fungal Infections of the Central Nervous System

Tropical Neurology ◽

10.1201/9781498713436-21 ◽

2003 ◽

pp. 250-266

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Fungal Infections ◽

The Central Nervous System

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Fungal Infections of the Central Nervous System in Children

Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society ◽

10.1093/jpids/pix059 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. e123-e133 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Matthew W McCarthy ◽

Darius Kalasauskas ◽

Vidmantas Petraitis ◽

Ruta Petraitiene ◽

Thomas J Walsh

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Fungal Infections ◽

The Central Nervous System

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Dying to Fall Asleep

Sleep Disorders ◽

10.1093/med/9780190671099.003.0042 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 724-742

Author(s):

Jessica Vensel Rundo ◽

Hillor Mehta ◽

Reena Mehra

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Genetic Analysis ◽

Genetic Disease ◽

Prion Proteins ◽

Amyloid Plaques ◽

Definitive Diagnosis ◽

Common Features ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

Autonomic Hyperactivity

Fatal familial insomnia (FFI) is a rare autosomal dominant genetic disease characterized by progressive insomnia, autonomic hyperactivity, memory deficits, hallucinations, and myoclonus. Unlike its name, insomnia is not the most common initial presentation in patients with FFI. More common features like autonomic hyperactivity (hypertension and tachycardia) are often missed, delaying the diagnosis of FFI. Genetic analysis of FFI shows a D178N-129M mutation that results in generation of insoluble proteins (prion proteins) that aggregate to form amyloid plaques, leading to deterioration of the central nervous system, particularly in the hypothalamus. This case illustrates the difficulty in determining a definitive diagnosis in patients with FFI. Unfortunately, no treatment or cure is available for FFI. The disease is fatal in all the patients.

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