scholarly journals Eficiência e Persistência de Três Produtos Comerciais à Base de Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis e Bacillus sphaericus no controle de Culicidae (Diptera) em Lagoas de Tratamento de Efluentes

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 85-88
Author(s):  
Jose Lopes ◽  
Fernando Pereira dos Santos ◽  
João Antonio Cyrino Zequi ◽  
Denise Miguel Petroni
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Bacillus Sphaericus ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Liquid Formulation ◽  
Bacillus Thuringiensis Israelensis ◽  
Commercial Products ◽  
Culex Nigripalpus

Resumo. A ação hematofágica exercida por fêmeas de algumas espécies de Culicidae sobre o homem e outros animais pode estar diretamente relacionada à transmissão de patógenos, além de provocar reações alérgicas e causar incômodo. O aparecimento de populações resistentes aos inseticidas químicos impulsiona o uso de métodos de controle alternativos, principalmente o biológico. Objetivando testar a eficiência e persistência de produtos comerciais com principio ativo a base de Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis Berliner e Bacillus sphaericus Neide foram realizados experimentos em três lagoas de tratamento de efluentes, sobre larvas de Culicidae. Testou-se Vectolex (formulação granulada de B. sphaericus), Sphaericus (Formulação líquida de B. sphaericus) e Bt-horus (formulação líquida de B. thuringiensis). As aplicações foram realizadas quinzenalmente com avaliações realizadas a 0, 24, 48, 72 e 120 horas após a aplicação. As lagoas estavam colonizadas por Culex nigripalpus Theobald (1,5%), Culex saltanensis Dyar (2,25%) e Culex quinquefasciatus Say (96,25%). Com o produto Bt horus, registrou-se redução larval de 89,06%, 83,97% e 89,96% respectivamente a 24, 48 e 72 horas após a aplicação. Nos produtos contendo B. sphaericus, respectivamente na formulação granulada e líquida observou-se uma redução de 98,89 % e 98,34%, após 24 horas da aplicação e de 99,79% e 99,78% após 48 horas. Os produtos e as diferentes formulações foram eficientes no controle de larvas das três espécies de culicídeos em lagoas com grande quantidade de matéria orgânica, porém a persistência verificada foi de dois e três dias para produtos contendo respectivamente B. sphaericus e B. thuringiensis israelensis. Efficiency and Persistence of Three Commercial Products Based on Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis and Bacillus sphaericus in Controlling Culicidae (Diptera) in Effluent Treatment Lagoons Abstract. The hematofagic effect caused by females belonging to some species of Culicidae on humans and animals can be directly related to pathogen transmission, allergic reactions and uneasiness. The emergence of populations resistant to chemical insecticides has fostered the use of alternative methods, mainly biological control. The trials were conducted in three effluent treatment lagoons, on larvae of Culicidae to test the efficiency and persistence of commercial products whose active principles are based on Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis Berliner and Bacillus sphaericus Neide. The products tested were Vectolex (a granulated formulation of B. sphaericus), Sphaericus (a liquid formulation of B. sphaericus) and Bt-horus (a liquid formulation of B. thuringiensis). The products were applied biweekly and evaluations were conducted 0, 24, 48, 72, and 120 hours after each application. The lagoons were colonized by Culex nigripalpus Theobald (1.5%), Culex saltanensis Dyar (2.25%), and Culex quinquefasciatus Say (96.25%). Bt-horus reduced larvae by 89.06%, 83.97% and 89.96% at 24, 48 and 72 hours after product application, respectively. The granulated and the liquid formulations containing B. sphaericus reduced larvae by 98.89 % and 98.34% 24 hours after application, and by 99.79% and 99.78% after 48 hours, respectively. The products and the different formulations were effective in controlling larvae of all three Culicidae species in lagoons with high levels of organic matter, but the persistence was recorded in two and three days for products containing respectively B. sphaericus and B. thuringiensis israelensis.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a new formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis

2010 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1109-1113 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Lopes ◽  
OMN. Arantes ◽  
MA. Cenci
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Fourth Instar ◽  
State University ◽  
Local Production ◽  
Liquid Formulation ◽  
Bacillus Thuringiensis Israelensis ◽  
Commercial Products ◽  
New Formulation

The aim of this study was to determine the potency (ITU) and efficacy of a liquid formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis developed by the State University of Londrina named BioUel, against early fourth instar larvae of Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus. The ITU/mg of BioUel was 960, the LC50 was of 0.271 (± 0.39) ppm, and the LC95 was 0.634 (± 0.099) ppm, in larvae of C. quinquefasciatus. In A. aegypti larvae, LC50 was 0.332 (± 0.042) ppm and LC95 was 0.694 (± 0.073) ppm. The ITU level of BioUel and its control results were similar to most commercial products tested. Stability was of approximately 90 days, which allows for local production.

scholarly journals Controle de Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) e Culex (Culex) quinquefasciatus Say, 1823 através de formulados contendo Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis em temperaturas controladas

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 130-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Antonio Zequi ◽  
Jose Lopes ◽  
Fernando Pereira Santos
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Liquid Formulation ◽  
Bacillus Thuringiensis Israelensis ◽  
Laboratory Results ◽  
Product Application ◽  
The Dead

Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (Linnaeus) e Culex (Culex) quinquefasciatus Say são importantes vetores de patógenos em áreas urbanas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar diferentes formulados comerciais contendo Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis de Barjac, no controle de Ae. aegypti e Cx. quinquefasciatus, verificando sua eficiência perante a potencia declarada. Testou-se os produtos Aquabac® XT 1200 UTI/mg, Teknar® 3000AAU/mg e Vectobac® AS 1200 UTI/mg, formulados líquidos, e os sólidos Vectobac® WDG 3000 UTI/mg, Vectobac® T 2200 UTI/mg e o formulado experimental Biouel 500 UTI/mg. Todos os produtos foram testados a temperatura de 25±2°C e os líquidos também a 15±2°C, 35±2°C e temperatura ambiente (25,37 a 28,73ºC). Os testes foram realizados utilizando-se 25 larvas no início do 4º estádio, em 150 mL de água destilada, com leitura de mortalidade 24 horas após exposição. Resultados foram analisados através de Probit calculando-se a CL50. A 25±2°C, os produtos Vectobac WDG e Vectobac T foram os mais eficientes para Ae. aegypti, com CL50 respectivamente de 0,10 (0,08 – 0,11) mg/L e 0,10 (0,09 – 0,11 mg/L). Para Cx. quinquefasciatus, os mais eficientes foram Vectobac WDG, Vectobac AS, Biouel e Vectobac T. Tomando como referência a potencia declarada dos produtos, o Biouel teve, proporcionalmente, melhor desempenho para as duas espécies. Nas temperaturas de 15±2°C, 35±2°C e na temperatura ambiente (25,37 a 28,37°C), Vectobac AS foi o mais eficiente para as duas espécies de Culicidae testadas. Na temperatura ambiente a 35±2°C, necessitou-se de menor concentração dos produtos para controle de Cx. quinquefasciatus em relação à Ae. aegypti. Control of Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti and Culex (Culex) quinquefasciatus Through Formulated Containing Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis at Controlled Temperatures Abstract. Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (Linnaeus) and Culex (Culex) quinquefasciatus Say are important pathogen vectors in urban environments. This study was designed to evaluate commercial formulations containing Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis de Barjac for the control of Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus and to assess their efficiency as compared to manufacturers´ claims. The tested products were the liquid formulation of Aquabac® XT 1200 ITU/mg, Teknar® 3000AAU/mg, and Vectobac® AS 1200 ITU/mg, and the solid products Vectobac® WDG 3000 ITU/mg, Vectobac® Tablet 2200 ITU/mg, and the trial formulation of Biouel 500 ITU/mg. All products were tested at 25±2°C temperature and the liquid formulations were also tested at 15±2°C, 35±2°C, and at room temperature (25.37 to 28.73ºC). The experiments were conducted with 25 larvae at the early 4th stage, in 150 mL of distilled water; the dead larvae were counted 24 hours after product application. Results were analyzed using Probit to calculate CL50. The 25±2°C temperature, Vectobac WDG, and Vectobac Tablet were the most efficient in controlling Ae. aegypti, with CL50 of 0.10 (0.08 – 0.11) mg/L and 0.10 (0.09 – 0.11 mg/L), respectively. The most efficient products for Cx. quinquefasciatus were Vectobac WDG, Vectobac AS, Biouel, and Vectobac T. When the potency claimed by manufacturers was compared to our laboratory results, Biouel had the best performance for both species. Vectobac AS was the most efficient for both species of Culicidae tested at 15±2°C, 35±2°C and at room temperature (25.37 to 28.37°C). Lower product concentrations were required at 35±2°C room temperature to control Cx. quinquefasciatus than for Ae. aegypti.

Control of Mosquitoes in Catch Basins in Connecticut With Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis, Bacillus sphaericus, and Spinosad

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Anderson ◽  
Francis J. Ferrandino ◽  
Douglas W. Dingman ◽  
Andrew J. Main ◽  
Theodore G. Andreadis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Bacillus Sphaericus ◽  
Bacillus Thuringiensis Israelensis ◽  
Catch Basins

scholarly journals Conjugal Transfer of a Toxin-Coding Megaplasmid from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis to Mosquitocidal Strains of Bacillus sphaericus

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 1766-1770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Gammon ◽  
Gareth W. Jones ◽  
Steven J. Hope ◽  
Cláudia M. F. de Oliveira ◽  
Lêda Regis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Bacillus Sphaericus ◽  
Conjugal Transfer ◽  
Large Plasmid ◽  
Erythromycin Resistance ◽  
Plasmid Loss ◽  
The Stability

ABSTRACT Both Bacillus sphaericus and Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis produce mosquitocidal toxins during sporulation and are extensively used in the field for control of mosquito populations. All the known toxins of the latter organism are known to be encoded on a large plasmid, pBtoxis. In an attempt to combine the best properties of the two bacteria, an erythromycin resistance-marked pBtoxis plasmid was transferred to B. sphaericus by a mating technique. The resulting transconjugant bacteria were significantly more toxic to Aedes aegypti mosquitoes and were able to overcome resistance to B. sphaericus in a resistant colony of Culex quinquefasciatus, apparently due to the production of Cry11A but not Cry4A or Cry4B. The stability of the plasmid in the B. sphaericus host was moderate during vegetative growth, but segregational instability was observed, which led to substantial rates of plasmid loss during sporulation.

scholarly journals Recombinant Strain of Bacillus thuringiensis Producing Cyt1A, Cry11B, and the Bacillus sphaericus Binary Toxin

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 1331-1334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun-Woo Park ◽  
Dennis K. Bideshi ◽  
Brian A. Federici
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Recombinant Strain ◽  
Bacillus Sphaericus ◽  
Fourth Instar ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Binary Toxin

ABSTRACT A novel recombinant Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis strain that produces the B. sphaericus binary toxin, Cyt1Aa, and Cry11Ba is described. The toxicity of this strain (50% lethal concentration [LC50] = 1.7 ng/ml) against fourth-instar Culex quinquefasciatus was higher than that of B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis IPS-82 (LC50 = 7.9 ng/ml) or B. sphaericus 2362 (LC50 = 12.6 ng/ml).

scholarly journals Improving the Insecticidal Activity against Resistant Culex quinquefasciatus Mosquitoes by Expression of Chitinase Gene chiAC in Bacillus sphaericus

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (23) ◽  
pp. 7744-7746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yajun Cai ◽  
Jianpin Yan ◽  
Xiaomin Hu ◽  
Bei Han ◽  
Zhiming Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Insecticidal Activity ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Recombinant Strain ◽  
Bacillus Sphaericus ◽  
Chitinase Gene ◽  
Binary Toxin

ABSTRACT Expression of a chitinase gene, chiAC, from Bacillus thuringiensis in B. sphaericus 2297 using the binary toxin promoter yielded a recombinant strain that was 4,297-fold more toxic than strain 2297 against resistant Culex quinquefasciatus. These results show that this chitinase can synergize the toxicity of the binary toxin against mosquitoes and thus may be useful in managing mosquito resistance to B. sphaericus.

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