scholarly journals Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) signaling regulates the production of intestinal IgA and its potential role in the pathogenesis of canine inflammatory bowel disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 (9) ◽  
pp. 1249-1258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maho NAKAZAWA ◽  
Shingo MAEDA ◽  
Nozomu YOKOYAMA ◽  
Taisuke NAKAGAWA ◽  
Tomohiro YONEZAWA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Sphingosine 1 Phosphate ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Intestinal Iga

scholarly journals An Overview of Novel and Emerging Therapies for Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2020 ◽  
pp. 91-101
Author(s):  
Sumona Bhattacharya Sumona Bhattacharya ◽  
Raymond K. Cross Raymond K. Cross
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Novel Therapies ◽  
Emerging Therapies ◽  
Sphingosine 1 Phosphate ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Inflammatory bowel disease, consisting of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, causes chronic gastrointestinal symptoms and can lead to morbidity and mortality if uncontrolled or untreated. However, for patients with moderate-to-severe disease, currently available therapies do not induce or maintain remission in >50% of patients. This underscores the need for additional therapies. In this review, the authors detail the novel therapies vedolizumab, tofacitinib, and ustekinumab and delve into therapies which may come onto the market within the next 10 years, including JAK-1 inhibitors (filgotinib and upadacitinib), IL-23 inhibitors (guselkumab, mirikizumab, and risankizumab), the anti-β4β7 and anti-βEβ7 integrin monoclonal antibody etrolizumab, the sphingosine-1-phosphate subtypes 1 and 5 modulator ozanimod, and mesenchymal stem cells. Further studies are required before these emerging therapies gain approval.

scholarly journals Potential Role of NK Cells in the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Praveen K. Yadav ◽  
Chi Chen ◽  
Zhanju Liu
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Nk Cells ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

NK cells are a major component of the innate immune system and play an important role in the tissue inflammation associated with autoimmune diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). NK cells are unique in bearing both stimulatory and inhibitory receptors specific for MHC class I molecules, and their function is regulated by a series of inhibiting or activating signals. The delicate balance between activation and inhibition that decides NK cell final action provides an opportunity for their possible modulatory effect on specific therapeutic settings. Intestinal NK cells are phenotypically distinct from their counterparts in the blood and resemble “helper” NK cells, which have potentially important functions both in promoting antipathogen responses and in the maintenance of intestinal epithelial homeostasis. NK cell activities have been found to be significantly below normal levels in both remissive and active stages of IBD patients. However, some proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-15, IL-21, and IL-23) could potently induce NK cell activation to secret high levels of proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., IFN-γ and TNF) and promote the cytolytic activities against the target cells. This paper provides the characteristics of intestinal NK cells and their potential role in the pathogenesis of IBD.

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