Morphometric analysis of acetabular dysplasia in cerebral palsy

Introduction Reimers migration percentage (MP) is the gold standard for measuring hip displacement in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Hip surveillance registries proposed using the top of the Gothic arch (GA) as a modification in patients with acetabular dysplasia because the classical method (CM) described by Reimers may underestimate hip migration. The aim of this study is to assess the inter- and intra-observer reliability of the modified method (MM) versus the CM and identify their effect on the MP. Methods We performed a retrospective review of 50 children with CP, who had a hip radiograph at our institution between 1st April 2014 and 28th February 2018. All hip radiographs were carefully selected to show the presence of a GA. Four observers measured the MP using the CM and MM for each patient. Interclass coefficient was used to estimate inter- and intra-observer reliability. Results Inter-observer reliability was excellent for the CM with ICC 0.96 (95% CI 0.94 to 0.97) and good for the MM, ICC 0.78 (95% CI 0.51 to 0.89) p < 0.001. Intra-observer reliability was excellent for both methods raging from ICC 0.94 to 0.99 for the CM and ICC 0.89 to 0.95 for the MM. The mean MP was 19% for the CM and 28% for the MM (p < 0.001). Conclusion The CM is more reliable than the MM to measure hip migration in children with CP. If the CM is used and acetabular dysplasia with a GA are present on the hip radiograph, then a 9% hip migration underestimation should be considered on decisions for both referral and surgical management. Level of evidence II

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Morphometric Analysis of the Hepatocytes from Fish Exposed to Arsenic

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100091391 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 34 ◽

pp. 282-283

Author(s):

Elsie M. B. Sorensen

Keyword(s):

Morphometric Analysis ◽

Arsenic Concentration ◽

Ultrastructural Changes ◽

Sodium Arsenate ◽

Lepomis Cyanellus ◽

Mammalian Counterpart ◽

Intracellular Changes ◽

Green Sunfish ◽

Organic Pesticides

The detoxification capacity of the liver is well documented for a variety of substances including ethanol, organic pesticides, drugs, and metals. The piscean liver, although less enzymatically active than the mammalian counterpart (1), contains endoplasmic reticulum with an impressive repertoire of oxidizing, reducing, and conjugating abilities (2). Histopathologic changes are kncwn to occur in fish hepatocytes following in vivo exposure to arsenic (3); however, ultrastructural changes have not been reported. This study involved the morphometric analysis of intracellular changes in fish parynchymal hepatocytes and correlation with arsenic concentration in the liver.Green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus, R.) were exposed to 0, 30, or 60 ppm arsenic (as sodium arsenate) at 20°C for 1, 2, or 3 week intervals before removal of livers for quantification of the arsenic burden (using neutron activation analysis) and morphometric analysis of ultrastructural alterations. Livers were cut into 1 mm cubes for fixation, dehydration, and embedding.

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Prevalence of Speech Problems and the Use of Augmentative and Alternative Communication in Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Registry-Based Study in Norway

Perspectives on Augmentative and Alternative Communication ◽

10.1044/aac19.1.12 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 12-20 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Guro Andersen ◽

Tone R. Mjøen ◽

Torstein Vik

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Palsy ◽

Motor Function ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Augmentative And Alternative Communication ◽

Alternative Communication ◽

Gross Motor ◽

Gross Motor Function ◽

Children With Cerebral Palsy ◽

Communicative Abilities ◽

Normal Speech

Abstract This study describes the prevalence of speech problems and the use of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) in children with cerebral palsy (CP) in Norway. Information on the communicative abilities of 564 children with CP born 1996–2003, recorded in the Norwegian CP Registry, was collected. A total of 270 children (48%) had normal speech, 90 (16%) had slightly indistinct speech, 52 (9%) had indistinct speech, 35 (6%) had very indistinct speech, 110 children (19%) had no speech, and 7 (1%) were unknown. Speech problems were most common in children with dyskinetic CP (92 %), in children with the most severe gross motor function impairments and among children being totally dependent on assistance in feeding or tube-fed children. A higher proportion of children born at term had speech problems when compared with children born before 32 weeks of gestational age 32 (p > 0.001). Among the 197 children with speech problems only, 106 (54%) used AAC in some form. Approximately 20% of children had no verbal speech, whereas ~15% had significant speech problems. Among children with either significant speech problems or no speech, only 54% used AAC in any form.

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