Short Communication:  Molecular barcode and morphology analysis of Malva pseudolavatera Webb & Berthel and Malva sylvestris L. from Ecuador

Abstract. Sarmiento-Tomalá G, Santos-Ordóñez E, Miranda-Martínez M, Pacheco-Coello R, Scull-Lizama R, Gutiérrez-Gaitén Y, Delgado-Hernández R. 2020. Short Communication: Molecular barcode and morphology analysis of Malva pseudolavatera Webb & Berthel and Malva sylvestris L from Ecuador. Biodiversitas 21: 3554-3560. In Ecuador, several plant species are used in traditional medicine without a criterion of family, genera, or chemical composition. The species of the genus Malva (Malva pseudolavatera Webb & Berthel and Malva sylvestris L), introduced in Ecuador, are widely used by the population; however, unlike the species M. sylvestris, for M. pseudolavatera there is no information about its composition and properties. Plant material was collected in the province of Chimborazo in Ecuador and taxonomic classification was performed. Histological study was performed in leaves and powder drug. Molecular barcodes were generated using the ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase large chain (rbcL), maturase K (matK), internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) and ITS2 sequences. Micro-morphological analysis revealed that no major structural differences were observed between the two species. Sequence analysis of molecular barcodes revealed that samples of the different species showed a close relation to each other due to the high percentage of similarity. The ITS sequences showed that the two samples correspond to different species of Malva; while for the rbcL and matK, interspecies differentiation could not be detected. Therefore, ITS could be used for interspecific analysis.

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Four Mutant Alleles Elucidate the Role of the G2 Protein in the Development of C4 and C3 Photosynthesizing Maize Tissues

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/159.2.787 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 159 (2) ◽

pp. 787-797

Author(s):

Lizzie Cribb ◽

Lisa N Hall ◽

Jane A Langdale

Keyword(s):

Cell Types ◽

Bundle Sheath ◽

Primary Role ◽

Ribulose Bisphosphate Carboxylase ◽

Sheath Cell ◽

Mesophyll Cells ◽

Phenotypic Data ◽

Bisphosphate Carboxylase ◽

Bundle Sheath Cell

Abstract Maize leaf blades differentiate dimorphic photosynthetic cell types, the bundle sheath and mesophyll, between which the reactions of C4 photosynthesis are partitioned. Leaf-like organs of maize such as husk leaves, however, develop a C3 pattern of differentiation whereby ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBPCase) accumulates in all photosynthetic cell types. The Golden2 (G2) gene has previously been shown to play a role in bundle sheath cell differentiation in C4 leaf blades and to play a less well-defined role in C3 maize tissues. To further analyze G2 gene function in maize, four g2 mutations have been characterized. Three of these mutations were induced by the transposable element Spm. In g2-bsd1-m1 and g2-bsd1-s1, the element is inserted in the second intron and in g2-pg14 the element is inserted in the promoter. In the fourth case, g2-R, four amino acid changes and premature polyadenylation of the G2 transcript are observed. The phenotypes conditioned by these four mutations demonstrate that the primary role of G2 in C4 leaf blades is to promote bundle sheath cell chloroplast development. C4 photosynthetic enzymes can accumulate in both bundle sheath and mesophyll cells in the absence of G2. In C3 tissue, however, G2 influences both chloroplast differentiation and photosynthetic enzyme accumulation patterns. On the basis of the phenotypic data obtained, a model that postulates how G2 acts to facilitate C4 and C3 patterns of tissue development is proposed.

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