Species of the mochokid catfish genus Microsynodontis Boulenger 1903 from the lower Guinea region in west central Africa (from the Cross River southwards to the Chiloango River drainages) are reviewed. Nine species (of which eight are described as new) are recognized. The status of other nominal species is also reviewed in this study; Microsynodontis christyi Boulenger, 1920 (previously considered a junior synonym of M. batesii) is shown to be a valid species. Characters useful for diagnosing Microsynodontis species are discussed and sexual dimorphism in the genus is also recorded for the first time.