scholarly journals 2018 PLOS Genetics Research Prize: Bundling, stabilizing, organizing—The orchestration of acentriolar spindle assembly by microtubule motor proteins

PLoS Genetics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. e1007649
Author(s):  
Gregory S. Barsh ◽  
Needhi Bhalla ◽  
Francesca Cole ◽  
Gregory P. Copenhaver ◽  
Soni Lacefield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Proteins ◽  
Spindle Assembly ◽  
Genetics Research ◽  
Microtubule Motor

scholarly journals Kinetochore-mediated outward force promotes spindle pole separation in fission yeast

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (22) ◽  
pp. 2802-2813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yutaka Shirasugi ◽  
Masamitsu Sato
Keyword(s):  
Fission Yeast ◽  
Motor Proteins ◽  
Spindle Assembly ◽  
Spindle Pole ◽  
Double Knockout ◽  
Bipolar Spindle ◽  
Spindle Poles ◽  
Bipolar Spindles ◽  
Meiosis I

Bipolar spindles are organized by motor proteins that generate microtubule-­dependent forces to separate the two spindle poles. The fission yeast Cut7 (kinesin-5) is a plus-end-directed motor that generates the outward force to separate the two spindle poles, whereas the minus-end-directed motor Pkl1 (kinesin-14) generates the inward force. Balanced forces by these antagonizing kinesins are essential for bipolar spindle organization in mitosis. Here, we demonstrate that chromosomes generate another outward force that contributes to the bipolar spindle assembly. First, it was noted that the cut7 pkl1 double knockout failed to separate spindle poles in meiosis I, although the mutant is known to succeed it in mitosis. It was assumed that this might be because meiotic kinetochores of bivalent chromosomes joined by cross-overs generate weaker tensions in meiosis I than the strong tensions in mitosis generated by tightly tethered sister kinetochores. In line with this idea, when meiotic mono-oriented kinetochores were artificially converted to a mitotic bioriented layout, the cut7 pkl1 mutant successfully separated spindle poles in meiosis I. Therefore, we propose that spindle pole separation is promoted by outward forces transmitted from kinetochores to spindle poles through microtubules.

Microtubule motor proteins and the organization of the pollen tube cytoplasm

2001 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Romagnoli ◽  
Mauro Cresti ◽  
G. Cai
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Motor Proteins ◽  
Microtubule Motor

Habituation-Like Decrease of Acetylcholine-Induced Inward Current in Helix Command Neurons: Role of Microtubule Motor Proteins

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 703-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natal’ya A. Vasil’yeva ◽  
Galina B. Murzina ◽  
Arkady S. Pivovarov
Keyword(s):  
Motor Proteins ◽  
Command Neurons ◽  
Inward Current ◽  
Microtubule Motor

scholarly journals Poleward transport of Eg5 by dynein–dynactin in Xenopus laevis egg extract spindles

2008 ◽  
Vol 182 (4) ◽  
pp. 715-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Uteng ◽  
Christian Hentrich ◽  
Kota Miura ◽  
Peter Bieling ◽  
Thomas Surrey
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Molecular Motors ◽  
Motor Proteins ◽  
Motor Protein ◽  
Spindle Assembly ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Motor Movement ◽  
Spindle Poles ◽  
Egg Extract

Molecular motors are required for spindle assembly and maintenance during cell division. How motors move and interact inside spindles is unknown. Using photoactivation and photobleaching, we measure mitotic motor movement inside a dynamic spindle. We find that dynein–dynactin transports the essential motor Eg5 toward the spindle poles in Xenopus laevis egg extract spindles, revealing a direct interplay between two motors of opposite directionality. This transport occurs throughout the spindle except at the very spindle center and at the spindle poles, where Eg5 remains stationary. The variation of Eg5 dynamics with its position in the spindle is indicative of position-dependent functions of this motor protein. Our results suggest that Eg5 drives microtubule flux by antiparallel microtubule sliding in the spindle center, whereas the dynein-dependent concentration of Eg5 outside the spindle center could contribute to parallel microtubule cross-linking. These results emphasize the importance of spatially differentiated functions of motor proteins and contribute to our understanding of spindle organization.

scholarly journals SnapShot: Motor Proteins in Spindle Assembly

Cell ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 134 (3) ◽  
pp. 548-548.e1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rose Loughlin ◽  
Blake Riggs ◽  
Rebecca Heald
Keyword(s):  
Motor Proteins ◽  
Spindle Assembly

Motility Assays for Microtubule Motor Proteins

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen L Rogers ◽  
Jonathan M Scholey
Keyword(s):  
Motor Proteins ◽  
Microtubule Motor
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