scholarly journals Transmission mode of watermelon silver mottle virus by Thrips palmi

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0247500
Author(s):  
De-Fen Mou ◽  
Wei-Te Chen ◽  
Wei-Hua Li ◽  
Tsung-Chi Chen ◽  
Chien-Hao Tseng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Larval Stage ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Transmission Mode ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Thrips Palmi ◽  
Melon Thrips ◽  
Wilt Virus ◽  
Watermelon Silver Mottle Virus

Thrips and thrips-transmitted tospoviruses cause significant losses in crop yields worldwide. The melon thrips (Thrips palmi) is not only a pest of cucurbit crops, but also a vector that transmits tospoviruses, such as the watermelon silver mottle virus (WSMoV). Vector transmission of tospoviruses has been well studied in the tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV)–Frankliniella occidentalis model system; however, until now the transmission mode of WSMoV by T. palmi has not been sufficiently examined. The results of the transmission assays suggest that T. palmi transmits WSMoV in a persistent manner, and that the virus is mainly transmitted by adults, having been ingested at the first-instar larval stage. Complementary RNAs corresponding to the NSm and NSs genes of WSMoV were detected in viruliferous thrips by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction; NSs protein was also detected in viruliferous thrips by western blotting, verifying the replication of WSMoV in T. palmi. Furthermore, we demonstrated that in thrips infected with WSMoV at the first-instar larval stage, the virus eventually infected various tissues of the adult thrips, including the primary salivary glands. Taken together, these results suggest that T. palmi transmits WSMoV in a persistent-propagative mode. The results of this study make a significant contribution to the understanding of the transmission biology of tospoviruses in general.

scholarly journals A Chlorotic Spot Disease on Calla Lilies (Zantedeschia spp.) Is Caused by a Tospovirus Serologically but Distantly Related to Watermelon silver mottle virus

Plant Disease ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 440-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Chen ◽  
T. C. Chen ◽  
Y. H. Lin ◽  
S. D. Yeh ◽  
H. T. Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Mottle Virus ◽  
N Gene ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chlorotic Spot ◽  
Calla Lily ◽  
Thrips Palmi ◽  
Benincasa Hispida ◽  
Watermelon Silver Mottle Virus ◽  
Wax Gourd

A new tospovirus, Calla lily chlorotic spot virus (CCSV), was isolated from calla lilies (Zantedeschia spp.) in Taiwan. Chlorotic spots, ranging from light green to yellow, appear on the middle leaves of the affected plants. Virions measuring 75 to 105 nm, similar in size to tospovirus particles, were present in crude extracts and ultrathin sections of diseased leaves. Of 35 plant species inoculated mechanically, 24, including wax gourd (Benincasa hispida) and zucchini squash (Cucurbita pepo), were susceptible to the virus. CCSV was transmitted from infected wax gourd by Thrips palmi to healthy wax gourd and zucchini squash. The virus was weakly related to Watermelon silver mottle virus (WSMoV) in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and western blot tests. WSMoV-specific N gene primers, however, failed to produce DNA fragments from total RNA extracts of CCSV-infected plants in reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results of RT-PCR show that the conserved regions of the L genes of tospoviruses are present in CCSV.

scholarly journals Discovery of novel thrips vector proteins that bind to the viral attachment protein of the plant bunyavirus, tomato spotted wilt virus

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismael E. Badillo-Vargas ◽  
Yuting Chen ◽  
Kathleen M. Martin ◽  
Dorith Rotenberg ◽  
Anna E. Whitfield
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Protein G ◽  
Interacting Proteins ◽  
Infection Cycle ◽  
Attachment Protein ◽  
Viral Attachment ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Wilt Virus

AbstractThe plant-pathogenic virus, tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), encodes a structural glycoprotein (GN) that, like with other bunyavirus/vector interactions, serves a role in viral attachment and possibly entry into arthropod vector host cells. It is well documented thatFrankliniella occidentalisis one of seven competent thrips vectors of TSWV transmission to plant hosts, however, the insect molecules that interact with viral proteins, such as GN, during infection and dissemination in thrips vector tissues are unknown. The goals of this project were to identify TSWV-interacting proteins (TIPs) that interact directly with TSWV GNand to localize expression of these proteins in relation to virus in thrips tissues of principle importance along the route of dissemination. We report here the identification of six TIPs from first instar larvae (L1), the most acquisition-efficient developmental stage of the thrips vector. Sequence analyses of these TIPs revealed homology to proteins associated with the infection cycle of other vector-borne viruses. Immunolocalization of the TIPs in L1s revealed robust expression in the midgut and salivary glands ofF. occidentalis, the tissues most important during virus infection, replication and plant-inoculation. The TIPs and GNinteractions were validated using protein-protein interaction assays. Two of the thrips proteins, endocuticle structural glycoprotein and cyclophilin, were found to be consistent interactors with GN. These newly discovered thrips protein-GNinteractions are essential towards better understanding of transmission of persistent propagative plant viruses by their vectors, as well as for developing new strategies of insect pest management and virus resistance in plants.Importance StatementThrips-transmitted viruses cause devastating losses to numerous food crops worldwide. For negative-sense RNA viruses that infect plants, the arthropod serves as a host as well by supporting virus replication in specific tissues and organs of the vector. The goal of this work was to identify vector/host proteins that bind directly to the viral attachment protein and thus may play a role in the infection cycle in the insect. Using the model plant bunyavirus, tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), and the most efficient thrips vector, we identified and validated six TSWV-interacting proteins fromFrankliniella occidentalisfirst instar larvae. Two proteins, an endocuticle structural glycoprotein and cyclophilin, were able to interact directly with the TSWV attachment protein, GN, in insect cells. The TSWV GN-interacting proteins provide new targets for disrupting the virus-vector interaction and could be putative determinants of vector competence.

scholarly journals Discovery of Novel Thrips Vector Proteins That Bind to the Viral Attachment Protein of the Plant Bunyavirus Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus

2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (21) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismael E. Badillo-Vargas ◽  
Yuting Chen ◽  
Kathleen M. Martin ◽  
Dorith Rotenberg ◽  
Anna E. Whitfield
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Interacting Proteins ◽  
Infection Cycle ◽  
Attachment Protein ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Viral Attachment ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Wilt Virus

ABSTRACT The plant-pathogenic virus tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) encodes a structural glycoprotein (GN) that, like with other bunyavirus/vector interactions, serves a role in viral attachment and possibly in entry into arthropod vector host cells. It is well documented that Frankliniella occidentalis is one of nine competent thrips vectors of TSWV transmission to plant hosts. However, the insect molecules that interact with viral proteins, such as GN, during infection and dissemination in thrips vector tissues are unknown. The goals of this project were to identify TSWV-interacting proteins (TIPs) that interact directly with TSWV GN and to localize the expression of these proteins in relation to virus in thrips tissues of principal importance along the route of dissemination. We report here the identification of six TIPs from first-instar larvae (L1), the most acquisition-efficient developmental stage of the thrips vector. Sequence analyses of these TIPs revealed homology to proteins associated with the infection cycle of other vector-borne viruses. Immunolocalization of the TIPs in L1 revealed robust expression in the midgut and salivary glands of F. occidentalis, the tissues most important during virus infection, replication, and plant inoculation. The TIPs and GN interactions were validated using protein-protein interaction assays. Two of the thrips proteins, endocuticle structural glycoprotein and cyclophilin, were found to be consistent interactors with GN. These newly discovered thrips protein-GN interactions are important for a better understanding of the transmission mechanism of persistent propagative plant viruses by their vectors, as well as for developing new strategies of insect pest management and virus resistance in plants. IMPORTANCE Thrips-transmitted viruses cause devastating losses to numerous food crops worldwide. For negative-sense RNA viruses that infect plants, the arthropod serves as a host as well by supporting virus replication in specific tissues and organs of the vector. The goal of this work was to identify thrips proteins that bind directly to the viral attachment protein and thus may play a role in the infection cycle in the insect. Using the model plant bunyavirus tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), and the most efficient thrips vector, we identified and validated six TSWV-interacting proteins from Frankliniella occidentalis first-instar larvae. Two proteins, an endocuticle structural glycoprotein and cyclophilin, were able to interact directly with the TSWV attachment protein, GN, in insect cells. The TSWV GN-interacting proteins provide new targets for disrupting the viral disease cycle in the arthropod vector and could be putative determinants of vector competence.

scholarly journals Investigation of thysanoptera populations in Hungarian greenhouses

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Szilvia Orosz ◽  
Dávid Éliás ◽  
Emese Balog ◽  
Ferenc Tóth
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Thrips Palmi ◽  
Investigation Period ◽  
Wilt Virus

Abstract Studies were performed on sweet pepper and on weeds in their surroundings from 2005 to 2007 in the Jászság region, on different vegetables and ornamentals from 2015 to 2016 throughout Hungary, and on some indoor ornamental plants in Budapest and Kecskemét in 2017. These studies were carried out in greenhouses. The main objectives of this work was to clarify the consistency of Thysanoptera populations in these greenhouses and, secondly, as part of the official monitoring of Thrips palmi Karny and Thrips setosus Moulton, the study also focused on the first appearance of these pests in Hungary. An important additional aim was to determine which reservoirs were significant in the risk of Thysanoptera species transmitting tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). Regarding the surveys conducted, the most frequent Thysanoptera species present in large numbers during the investigation period in every greenhouse was Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande. Also, a significant amount of Echinothrips americanus Morgan was found on ornamentals in southern Hungary, whereas on indoor ornamental plants only Hercinothrips femoralis O. M. Reuter was found.

scholarly journals Progression of Watermelon Bud Necrosis Virus Infection in Its Vector, Thrips palmi

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 392
Author(s):  
Amalendu Ghosh ◽  
Priti ◽  
Bikash Mandal ◽  
Ralf G. Dietzgen
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Malpighian Tubules ◽  
Necrosis Virus ◽  
Posterior Portion ◽  
Thrips Palmi ◽  
Thrips Species ◽  
Anterior Midgut

Thrips are important pests of agricultural, horticultural, and forest crops worldwide. In addition to direct damages caused by feeding, several thrips species can transmit diverse tospoviruses. The present understanding of thrips–tospovirus relationships is largely based on studies of tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) and Western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis). Little is known about other predominant tospoviruses and their thrips vectors. In this study, we report the progression of watermelon bud necrosis virus (WBNV) infection in its vector, melon thrips (Thrips palmi). Virus infection was visualized in different life stages of thrips using WBNV-nucleocapsid protein antibodies detected with FITC-conjugated secondary antibodies. The anterior midgut was the first to be infected with WBNV in the first instar larvae. The midgut of T. palmi was connected to the principal salivary glands (PSG) via ligaments and the tubular salivary glands (TSG). The infection progressed to the PSG primarily through the connecting ligaments during early larval instars. The TSG may also have an ancillary role in disseminating WBNV from the midgut to PSG in older instars of T. palmi. Infection of WBNV was also spread to the Malpighian tubules, hindgut, and posterior portion of the foregut during the adult stage. Maximum virus-specific fluorescence in the anterior midgut and PSG indicated the primary sites for WBNV replication. These findings will help to better understand the thrips–tospovirus molecular relationships and identify novel potential targets for their management. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the WBNV dissemination path in its vector, T. palmi.

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