Autoimmune pancreatitis is a type of chronic pancreatitis characterized by an autoimmune inflammatory process in which prominent lymphocyte infiltration with associated fibrosis of the pancreas causes organ dysfunction. Clinically it is very important to be aware of autoimmune pancreatitis because autoimmune chronic pancreatitis (AIP) can clinically disguise as pancreaticobiliary malignancies, ordinary chronic or acute pancreatitis. Here we report a case of autoimmune pancreatitis presented with obstructive jaundice with initial diagnosis of carcinoma of head of the pancreas. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v29i4.11344 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2011; 29: 231-234