The Tree Stump

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samiha Khrais
Keyword(s):  

2020 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 102-103
Author(s):  
M. D. Allen
Keyword(s):  


2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-222
Author(s):  
Silviana Arsyad ◽  
Suryo Wiyono ◽  
Elis Nina Herliyana

The rubber tree stump is a source of white root fungus inoculums and as a source of infection that causes the death of rubber plant. The emergence of this disease is closely related to the cleanliness of the land such as leftover trees or stumps, shrubs and bushes which stacked or still in the ground. One of the symbionts organisms found in gut of termite and play a role in the decomposition of cellulose, are bacteria. Termite are social insects that are efficiently decompose lignocelluloses with the aid of their associated microbial symbionts located in termite gut. The purpose of this study was to obtain cellulolytic bacterial isolates are derived from gut of termite and getting an cellulolytic which showed the best ability in decomposing rubber tree stumps. The result termite samples from oil palm, rubber, and dry wood contain cellulolytic bacteria characterized by clear zones around bacterial colonies. Bacterial isolates showing the ability to degrade cellulose are 31 isolates and five isolates are safe for plants, animals, or mammals. The three bacterial isolates (NK 4, NS 4, and NS 5) used in the test on rubber tree stumps able to decompose rubber tree stump. Bacterial isolates were each obtained NK 4 13.52%, NS 4 18.40% and NS 5 17.88%.Keywords: bacteria cellulolytic, rubber tree stumps, termite





1945 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 25-28
Author(s):  
James A. Ford ◽  
George I. Quimby

It appears that in the original excavations of the Little Woods site Czajkowski found skeletons in the middens at different points. The following is taken from his article in the Louisiana Conservation Review:Most of the burials on the shell ridge were solitary and no funeral furniture or artifacts were found with them, with two exceptions: (1) On March 20th, two skeletons were found in a semi-flexed, east-west position. The following day, five more skeletons were uncovered, making a total of seven, all lying in the same position, parallel to each other about four feet apart, at a depth of about five feet …(2) On June 1st at a depth of six feet, a single skull impaled on a tree stump was found. Underneath the skull was a single fragment of decorated pottery.Burial Ground: Seven skeletons found on March 20th, 950 feet northwest from the location. Adults, in fairly good condition; all skulls crushed except one…. Six in semi-flexed position on their backs … (the illustration to which Czajkowski here refers shows a fully flexed skeleton). All lying parallel in an east-west position with their heads west. The seventh at full length on its face. They were lying at a depth of about four feet from the surface and overlain with a shell bed from two to twelve inches in thickness. The distance between the skeletons was from three to four feet (Czajkowski, 1934, pp. 14-15).



2018 ◽  
Vol 130 (2) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Ian J. McNiven ◽  
Joe Crouch ◽  
Jim M. Bowler ◽  
John E. Sherwood ◽  
Nic Dolby ◽  
...  

Claims for a human presence in Australia beyond 60,000 years ago must have a strong evidence base associated with rigorous methodology and intense scrutiny. In this light we present excavation results for Charcoal and Burnt Stone Feature #1 (CBS1) located within coastal dune sediments at Moyjil (Point Ritchie), Warrnambool, that independent geomorphic and OSL dating indicates is of Last Interglacial age (~120,000 years ago). While on plausibility grounds the cultural status of a feature of such great antiquity in Australia is unlikely, a cultural origin for CBS1 is less easily dismissed if assessed with an age-independent methodology. A broad range of macroscale discrimination criteria has been used to assess whether CBS1 is either a cultural hearth or a natural feature such as a burnt tree stump. On balance, evidence marginally supports a cultural origin over a natural origin. However, the absence of associated stone artefacts and faunal remains and the presence of burnt root wood precludes definitive statements on the cultural status of the feature. Our case study is methodologically instructivein terms of the potential complexities and issues of equifinality involved in the archaeological identification of ancient hearths.





Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Puliti ◽  
Bruce Talbot ◽  
Rasmus Astrup


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