scholarly journals Anticipatory States: Tsunami, War, and Insecurity in Sri Lanka

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 286-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivian Y. Choi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Disaster Risk Management ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Ocean Region ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
New Institutions ◽  
Management Institutions ◽  
Social Restructuring

In 2004, a tsunami caused unprecedented damage and destruction in the Indian Ocean region. For Sri Lanka, the second-most affected country, with over thirty-thousand deaths and five-hundred-thousand displaced, the tsunami resulted in the introduction of new disaster management institutions, logics, and technologies. The formation and implementation of these new institutions, logics, and technologies must be understood alongside a human-made disaster: the decades-long civil war between the Sri Lankan government and the militant insurgent group of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE). I outline the ways that the tsunami opened the door for national and social restructuring in Sri Lanka: the devastation of the tsunami and the logics of disaster risk management that followed it offered a political opening for new techniques of state power and projects of nation-building—a process I call disaster nationalism. This governmentality of disaster risk management plays out through an anticipation of disasters, in which disasters, both natural and human-made, are ever-possible future threats that justify ongoing practices and technologies of securitization. Yet state attempts to control the future remain in constant tension with the attitudes and opinions of people who have been affected by both the tsunami and war. These collective relations, practices, and structures of feelings are what I refer to as anticipatory states. From the calculative risk management projects of the Sri Lankan state to the everyday state of being ready and aware in the spaces of disaster, anticipation weaves into and out of experiences and encounters, its different forms and possibilities shaped by complexly layered histories and landscapes of disaster and violence, and, even, forces beyond the control of the anticipatory state.

scholarly journals Tsunami Vulnerability Assessment and Its Implications for Disaster Risk Management in the coastal area of Purworejo Regency

2021 ◽  
Vol 884 (1) ◽  
pp. 012012
Author(s):  
Tanasiva ◽  
Chatarina Muryani ◽  
Pipit Wijiyanti
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Vulnerability Assessment ◽  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Subduction Zones ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Disaster Risk Management ◽  
Vulnerable Communities ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Productive Land ◽  
Tsunami Vulnerability Assessment

Abstract Tsunamis are disasters with unpredictable events, but the occurrence of tsunamis in Indonesia always has a significant impact on every sector of life, especially the economy and society. The position of the Indonesian State, which is located in the subduction zones as well as the increasing human activity in coastal areas, are the factors that trigger the tsunami, which is accompanied by losses and damages. One of them is Purworejo Regency, which is directly adjacent to the Indian Ocean. Vulnerability assessment is the focus of this paper. This study uses a quantitative analysis approach with analytical methods in the form of scoring analysis. Weighted cell-based data processing is the main cog in vulnerability assessment. The combination of economic and social parameters creates a vulnerability. Financial vulnerability is measured based on GRDP and productive land, while social vulnerability is estimated based on population density and vulnerable communities. The vulnerability analysis results are in the form of total vulnerability level in the medium class, the level of economic vulnerability in the low, quality, and social vulnerability in the medium class associated with the implication of disaster risk management.

scholarly journals The Best of Intentions?

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 685-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie J. Oven ◽  
Jonathan D. Rigg
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Disaster Risk Management ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Indian Ocean Tsunami ◽  
Landslide Risk ◽  
Southern Thailand ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The One

Drawing on research on landslide risk reduction in Nepal and the impacts of the Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004 in southern Thailand, this paper considers how risk, in the context of natural hazards, is produced by processes of social and economic transformation; understood and experienced by vulnerable groups; and framed by governments and experts. In so doing, we propose an agenda for more effective disaster risk management. We open the discussion by exploring the spatiality of risk, vulnerability and opportunity in the two research contexts, in particular, why people live in hazardous places and the processes that explain the intersection of human settlement and livelihoods on the one hand, and risk on the other. The paper then turns to consider the way that “risk”—and the framing and prioritisation of risk(s) by governments, experts and by vulnerable groups themselves—plays a role in setting the disaster risk management agenda. Underpinning this is the hidden question of what evidence is used—and valued—in the identification and delineation of risk. In order to understand disaster vulnerability, we argue that it is necessary to look beyond the immediate “hazardscape” to understand the wider risk context both spatially and structurally. Effective disaster risk management requires not only an appreciation of the different framings and understandings of risk, but a true integration of knowledge and expertise.

scholarly journals An Imagined Diaspora: The making of Shi'i Muslim ethnicity in Sri Lanka

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-164
Author(s):  
Harun Rasiah
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Religious Community ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Sacred Landscape ◽  
Political Network ◽  
Ocean Region ◽  
Gulf States ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The Common

The contemporary formation of a community of Shi’i Muslims provides a window into the making and unmaking of ethnicity in Sri Lanka. Originating in solidarity with the Islamic revolution of Iran, Sunni activists formed a political network which has evolved into an autonomous Shi’i religious community. Members studied the traditional Islamic disciplines in the institution of learning (hawza ‘ilmiyya) in Qom alongside students who had undergone a similar transformation, fortifying an internationalist outlook. With associates in the Indian Ocean region, particularly the Gulf states, the transregional community is bound by the common thread of Shi’ism and focuses on Iran and the ‘Atabat of Iraq as spiritual homeland. Exploring the “diasporic consciousness” of the community, this article focuses on the transmission of ideas in time and space. Temporally, it emphasizes claims to local Muslim heritage in variant readings of the Sri Lankan past. Spatially, their cartography provides an alternative account of the sacred landscape based on scholarly practice, devotional activity and political contestation. By recounting the history and mapping the geography of the Shi’i Muslim community, this article investigates how Shi’ism influences the configuration of a diasporic field.

Disaster Risk Management and Reconstruction in Latin America

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bárbara Montoro ◽  
Pedro Ferradas ◽  
Miguel Muñoz ◽  
Douglas Azabache ◽  
Orlando Chuquisengo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Disaster Risk Management
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