scholarly journals LEGALITAS TEMBAKAN PERINGATAN CHINA TERHADAP PESAWAT MILITER AMERIKA DI LAUT CHINA SELATAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-55
Author(s):  
Elisabet Suhardi ◽  
Stephanie Lorenza ◽  
Zulianto Chairul
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Law Of The Sea ◽  
United Nations Convention ◽  
The Law

Di suatu negara, laut mempunyai beragam manfaat bagi keberlangsungan hidup manusia. Mengingat pentingnya fungsi laut bagi suatu negara, dirumuskanlah aturan-aturan mengenai hukum laut internasional dan melahirkan Konvensi Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa tentang Hukum Laut (United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea) yang disingkat menjadi UNCLOS. Walaupun telah terdapat landasan hukum laut internasional, masih banyak terjadi sengketa antar-negara mengenai wilayah laut. Misalnya adalah sengketa klaim atas Laut China Selatan oleh China yang masih berlangsung sampai sekarang. Pada 10 Agustus 2018, pesawat pengintai P-8A Poseidon milik Amerika Serikat, terbang melintasi empat pulau buatan utama di Kepulauan Spratly yang berada di wilayah laut China selatan. Selama penerbangan tersebut, awak pesawat pengintai AS mendapat enam tembakan peringatan dari militer China, menyatakan bahwa mereka berada di wilayah China dan memerintahkan pesawat untuk pergi meninggalkan tempat itu. Walaupun pesawat Angkatan Laut Amerika Serikat memiliki kekebalan hukum untuk melakukan kegiatan militer yang sah di luar wilayah udara nasional negara pesisir manapun.

The Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf and its Disturbing Propensity to Legislate

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Serdy
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Continental Shelf ◽  
Law Of The Sea ◽  
Continental Shelves ◽  
United Nations Convention ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
The Law

AbstractCreated by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea to apply the rules in Article 76 on the outer limits of the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles from States’ territorial sea baselines, the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf has on several occasions introduced new requirements for States not supported by Article 76, or impermissibly qualifying the rights Article 76 accords them. This article focuses on several such instances, one to the coastal State’s advantage (though temporally rather than spatially), another neutral (though requiring unnecessary work of States), but the remainder all tending to reduce the area of continental shelves. The net effect has been to deprive States of areas of legal continental shelf to which a reasonable interpretation of Article 76 entitles them, and in one case even of their right to have their submissions examined on their merits, even though, paradoxically, the well-meaning intention behind at least some of the Commission’s pronouncements was to avoid other controversies.

How to Amend UNCLOS and Why It Has Never Been Done

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-83
Author(s):  
Chris Whomersley
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Law Of The Sea ◽  
International Organisations ◽  
International Labour Organisation ◽  
International Maritime Organisation ◽  
Consensus Procedure ◽  
United Nations Convention ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
The Law ◽  
Labour Organisation

Abstract The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) contains detailed provisions concerning its amendment, but these have never been used and this article explores why this is so. States have instead maintained the Convention as a “living instrument” by adopting updated rules in other organisations, especially the International Maritime Organisation and the International Labour Organisation. States have also used the consensus procedure at Meetings of the States Parties to modify procedural provisions in UNCLOS, and have adopted two Implementation Agreements relating to UNCLOS. In addition, port State jurisdiction has developed considerably since the adoption of UNCLOS, and of course other international organisations have been active in related fields.

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