ANALISA PERUNDANGAN BURUH PAKSA DALAM KONTEKS PIAWAIAN PERBURUHAN ANTARABANGSA DAN UNDANG-UNDANG MALAYSIA

ABSTRAK Isu eksploitasi buruh sehingga kini terus mendapat liputan media tempatan dan antarabangsa. Ia adalah salah satu bentuk pemerdagangan orang yang ditempelak masyarakat dunia. Sebagai sebuah negara yang menjadi ahli kepada International Labour Organisation (ILO), isu ini perlu dipandang serius dan dibanteras. Artikel ini bertujuan mengkaji standard perburuhan antarabangsa dan peruntukan undang-undang di Malaysia berkaitan buruh paksa dan pemerdagangan orang dengan menganalisa kerangka perundangan dan isu-isu berkaitan menggunakan metodologi doktrinal dan kajian kepustakaan termasuk analisa beberapa kes-kes yang diputuskan di mahkamah. Walaupun Malaysia mempunyai undang-undang tempatan seperti Akta Anti-Pemerdagangan Orang dan Anti-penyeludupan Migran 2007 (ATIPSOM)[Akta 670] yang mencakupi aspek eksploitasi dan paksaan, begitu juga Akta Kerja 1955 [Akta 265] dan Akta Standard Minimum Perumahan dan Kemudahan Pekerja 1990 [Akta 446], dan namun terdapat dakwaan bahawa masih terdapat lacuna dalam undang-undang ini dan ianya memerlukan penambahbaikan bagi menangani isu eksploitasi buruh atau amalan buruh paksa di Malaysia dengan jayanya. Dapat disimpulkan bahawa oleh kerana terma buruh paksa tidak didefinisikan dalam mana-mana undang-undang di Malaysia ia menyebabkan ketidakjelasan dan kesukaran dalam pemakaian dan penguatkuasaan undang-undang. Justeru, amat penting untuk memahami dengan tepat sesuatu terma yang dimaksudkan dalam perundangan bagi memastikan sejauh mana ekstremnya eksploitasi buruh atau amalan buruh paksa dalam konteks negara Malaysia

Swimming with or Against the Tide: Has the International Labour Organisation Been Co-Opted by Neoliberal Hegemony

<p>Work is one, if not the, primary mechanism through which the majority of the world's population experience economic globalisation. Work is intimately connected to matters of human rights, social equality, welfare, and class struggle and it is increasingly determined by activities that occur in the international and transnational levels. Neoliberal globalisation has fundamentally restructured the world of work. It has also undermined the social democratic worldview of the International Labour Organisation (ILO) on which the global governance portfolio for labour most squarely falls. The ILO's current Director General Juan Somavia, in referring to this era of neoliberal hegemony, has said that "the ILO has often been swimming against the tide". This thesis undertakes a thorough examination of Somavia's statement in order to determine the extent to which the neoliberal tide has saturated the organisation and its ideas?</p>

Swimming with or Against the Tide: Has the International Labour Organisation Been Co-Opted by Neoliberal Hegemony

<p>Work is one, if not the, primary mechanism through which the majority of the world's population experience economic globalisation. Work is intimately connected to matters of human rights, social equality, welfare, and class struggle and it is increasingly determined by activities that occur in the international and transnational levels. Neoliberal globalisation has fundamentally restructured the world of work. It has also undermined the social democratic worldview of the International Labour Organisation (ILO) on which the global governance portfolio for labour most squarely falls. The ILO's current Director General Juan Somavia, in referring to this era of neoliberal hegemony, has said that "the ILO has often been swimming against the tide". This thesis undertakes a thorough examination of Somavia's statement in order to determine the extent to which the neoliberal tide has saturated the organisation and its ideas?</p>

Learning from Failures: Reflections on the Role of Project Design and Design Management in the Procurement of Non-Standard Buildings

The opening of the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao in 1997 heralded the beginning of an era in world architecture defined by iconic buildings underpinned by mediatic exposure and the belief in the power of design to leverage urban conditions. Today, a conspicuous number of such buildings featuring non-standard geometries are experiencing accelerated forms of decay with the emergence of construction defects. This study compares the type of problems encountered in the Jubilee Church in Rome (1996–2003), analysed in previous studies, with the failures of other two contemporary buildings of analogous features, namely: the Palau de les Arts Reina Sofia in Valencia (1996–2005) and the Museum of the Arts of the XXI Century in Rome (1998–2010). The findings of the study show that the accelerated decay of the three buildings shares familiar features and common challenges: geometry of the façade, local environmental factors, labour organisation, and limited regard of maintenance principles. Building on the patterns identified here, the paper suggests structural reasons for their emergence and speculates on the potential benefits deriving from the amplification of the design function.

How to Amend UNCLOS and Why It Has Never Been Done

The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) contains detailed provisions concerning its amendment, but these have never been used and this article explores why this is so. States have instead maintained the Convention as a “living instrument” by adopting updated rules in other organisations, especially the International Maritime Organisation and the International Labour Organisation. States have also used the consensus procedure at Meetings of the States Parties to modify procedural provisions in UNCLOS, and have adopted two Implementation Agreements relating to UNCLOS. In addition, port State jurisdiction has developed considerably since the adoption of UNCLOS, and of course other international organisations have been active in related fields.

Occupational health and safety in horticulture.

According to the International Labour Organisation (ILO), health is defined as the promotion and maintenance of the highest degree of physical, mental and social well-being of workers in all occupations, while safety is freedom from unacceptable risk or harm. Occupational health and safety (OHS or OSH) is specifically concerned with the health, safety and welfare of people in their work environment, but it also encompasses any other people who may be present onsite, including customers, friends and family members, visitors and contractors. In addition it considers the fact that many horticultural properties have staff and owners who reside on the site.

The International Labour Organisation in pursuit of decent work in Southern Africa: An appraisal

This article examines the role of the International Labour Organisation (ILO), regional standards, and the “decent work agenda” in addressing challenges facing non-standard workers in southern Africa. Employees in traditional full-time employment are well protected in some southern African states, but the regulation currently available is largely unable to protect non-standard workers, and in numerous instances workers are regarded as “non-standard”, on the basis of a narrow interpretation of the term “employee”. Casualisation and externalisation have resulted in the exclusion of numerous workers from the protection provided by labour legislation, and union cover for non-standard workers is very low. The article further discusses the relationship between non-standard employment and labour migration in southern Africa. Light is also shed on regional standards, the challenges of unemployment, poverty, and income inequality, and labour-market transitions in southern Africa.