scholarly journals Reduced responses to glutamate receptor agonists follow loss of astrocytes and astroglial glutamate markers in the nucleus tractus solitarii

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. e13158 ◽  
Author(s):  
William T. Talman ◽  
Deidre Nitschke Dragon ◽  
Li-Hsien Lin
Keyword(s):  
Glutamate Receptor ◽  
Nucleus Tractus Solitarii ◽  
Receptor Agonists ◽  
Glutamate Receptor Agonists

scholarly journals Glutamate, NMDA, and AMPA Induced Changes in Extracellular Space Volume and Tortuosity in the Rat Spinal Cord

2001 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 1077-1089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lýdia Vargová ◽  
Pavla Jendelová ◽  
Alexandr Chvátal ◽  
Eva Syková
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Glutamate Receptor ◽  
Extracellular Space ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Glutamate Release ◽  
Extracellular Potassium ◽  
Receptor Agonists ◽  
Diffusion Parameters ◽  
Glutamate Receptor Agonists ◽  
Cellular Swelling

Glutamate release, particularly in pathologic conditions, may result in cellular swelling. The authors studied the effects of glutamate, N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA), and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) on extracellular pH (pHe), extracellular potassium concentration ([K+]e), and changes in extracellular space (ECS) diffusion parameters (volume fraction α, tortuosity λ) resulting from cellular swelling. In the isolated spinal cord of 4-to 12-day-old rats, the application of glutamate receptor agonists induced an increase in [K+]e, alkaline-acid shifts, a substantial decrease in α, and an increase in λ. After washout of the glutamate receptor agonists, α either returned to or overshot normal values, whereas λ remained elevated. Pretreatment with 20 mmol/L Mg++, MK801, or CNQX blocked the changes in diffusion parameters, [K+]e and pHe evoked by NMDA or AMPA. However, the changes in diffusion parameters also were blocked in Ca2+-free solution, which had no effect on the [K+]e increase or acid shift. The authors conclude that increased glutamate release may produce a large, sustained and [Ca2+]e-dependent decrease in α and increase in λ. Repetitive stimulation and pathologic states resulting in glutamate release therefore may lead to changes in ECS volume and tortuosity, affecting volume transmission and enhancing glutamate neurotoxicity and neuronal damage.

Neuroprotection by metabotropic glutamate receptor agonists on kainate-induced degeneration of motor neurons in spinal cord slices from adult rat

2000 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 903-910 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Pizzi ◽  
M Benarese ◽  
F Boroni ◽  
F Goffi ◽  
A Valerio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Glutamate Receptor ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor ◽  
Receptor Agonists ◽  
Metabotropic Glutamate ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Glutamate Receptor Agonists

Regulation of Vasopressin Release by Ionotropic Glutamate Receptor Agonists

1998 ◽  
pp. 129-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delmore J. Morsette ◽  
Kerry L. Swenson ◽  
Shenon E. Badre ◽  
Celia D. Sladek
Keyword(s):  
Glutamate Receptor ◽  
Ionotropic Glutamate Receptor ◽  
Vasopressin Release ◽  
Receptor Agonists ◽  
Glutamate Receptor Agonists

Glutamate Receptor Agonists Modulate [Ca2+]i in Isolated Rat Melanotropes

1995 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Giovannucci ◽  
Edward L. Stuenkel
Keyword(s):  
Glutamate Receptor ◽  
Receptor Agonists ◽  
Glutamate Receptor Agonists ◽  
Isolated Rat

Effects of calcium and glutamate receptor agonists on leaf consumption by lepidopteran neonates

2003 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 389-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej A Pszczolkowski ◽  
Adam Zahand ◽  
Sandye M Bushman ◽  
John J Brown
Keyword(s):  
Glutamate Receptor ◽  
Receptor Agonists ◽  
Leaf Consumption ◽  
Glutamate Receptor Agonists
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