Estimation of the Minimum Number of Single Grain Orientation Measurements for ODF Determination / Abschätzung der minimalen Anzahl von Einzelorientierungsmessungen zur Bestimmung der Orientierungsverteilungsfunktion

1996 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 476-480
Author(s):  
Jerzy Jura ◽  
Jan Pospiech ◽  
Günter Gottstein
Keyword(s):  
Grain Orientation ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Single Grain

scholarly journals Reconstruction of Single-Grain Orientation Distribution Functions for Crystalline Materials

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 593-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Christian Hansen ◽  
Henning Osholm Sørensen ◽  
Zsuzsanna Sükösd ◽  
Henning Friis Poulsen
Keyword(s):  
Grain Orientation ◽  
Orientation Distribution ◽  
Distribution Functions ◽  
Crystalline Materials ◽  
Single Grain ◽  
Orientation Distribution Functions

scholarly journals Finite Element Analysis of Grain Size Effects on Curvature in Micro-Extrusion

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 4767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavaret Preedawiphat ◽  
Numpon Mahayotsanun ◽  
Sedthawatt Sucharitpwatskul ◽  
Tatsuya Funazuka ◽  
Norio Takatsuji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Grain Orientation ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Driving Mechanism ◽  
Curvature Index ◽  
Micro Parts ◽  
Single Grain

The precision and accuracy of the final geometry in micro-parts is crucial, particularly for high-value-added metallic products. Micro-extrusion is one of the most promising processes for delivering high-precision micro-parts. The curving tendency observed in micro-extrusion parts is a major concern, significantly affecting the final part geometry. The purpose of this paper was to investigate the driving mechanism behind the curvature in micro-extrusion at room temperature. A finite element (FE) simulation was carried out to observe the influential primary factors: (1) grain size, (2) grain boundary, (3) grain orientation, and (4) bearing length of a 6063 aluminum alloy. The Extrusion Curvature Index (ECI) was also established to indicate the level of curvature in micro-extruded parts. The results showed that the grain boundary at the high strain and die opening area was the dominant factor for single-grain conditions. The interactive effects of the grain boundary and grain orientation also affected the curvature under single-grain conditions. If the number of grains across the specimen increased up to 2.7 (poly-grains), the curvature effect was dramatically reduced (the pins were straightened). For all conditions, the curvature in micro-extrusion could be eliminated by extending the bearing length up to the exit diameter length.

Statistics, Evaluation and Representation of Single Grain Orientation Measurements

1994 ◽  
Vol 157-162 ◽  
pp. 259-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olaf Engler ◽  
Günter Gottstein ◽  
Jan Pospiech ◽  
J. Jura
Keyword(s):  
Grain Orientation ◽  
Single Grain

Behaviour of Statistical Texture Parameters Applied to Single Grain Orientation Measurements in Recrystallized Al-Mn

1994 ◽  
Vol 157-162 ◽  
pp. 933-938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olaf Engler ◽  
Ping Yang ◽  
Günter Gottstein ◽  
J. Jura ◽  
Jan Pospiech
Keyword(s):  
Grain Orientation ◽  
Texture Parameters ◽  
Single Grain

Information capacity and bandwidth limitations in the SEM

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 84-85
Author(s):  
D. C. Joy ◽  
R. D. Bunn
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Critical Dimension ◽  
Information Capacity ◽  
Acquisition Time ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Sem Image ◽  
Probe Size ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Noise Ratio ◽  
Signal Channel

The information available from an SEM image is limited both by the inherent signal to noise ratio that characterizes the image and as a result of the transformations that it may undergo as it is passed through the amplifying circuits of the instrument. In applications such as Critical Dimension Metrology it is necessary to be able to quantify these limitations in order to be able to assess the likely precision of any measurement made with the microscope.The information capacity of an SEM signal, defined as the minimum number of bits needed to encode the output signal, depends on the signal to noise ratio of the image - which in turn depends on the probe size and source brightness and acquisition time per pixel - and on the efficiency of the specimen in producing the signal that is being observed. A detailed analysis of the secondary electron case shows that the information capacity C (bits/pixel) of the SEM signal channel could be written as :

Applying Generalizability Theory to Optimize Analysis of Spontaneous Teacher Talk in Elementary Classrooms

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 1947-1957
Author(s):  
Alexandra Hollo ◽  
Johanna L. Staubitz ◽  
Jason C. Chow
Keyword(s):  
Special Education Teachers ◽  
Generalizability Theory ◽  
Child Outcomes ◽  
Elementary Classrooms ◽  
Teacher Talk ◽  
Group Instruction ◽  
Data Set ◽  
School Year ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Representative Samples

Purpose Although sampling teachers' child-directed speech in school settings is needed to understand the influence of linguistic input on child outcomes, empirical guidance for measurement procedures needed to obtain representative samples is lacking. To optimize resources needed to transcribe, code, and analyze classroom samples, this exploratory study assessed the minimum number and duration of samples needed for a reliable analysis of conventional and researcher-developed measures of teacher talk in elementary classrooms. Method This study applied fully crossed, Person (teacher) × Session (samples obtained on 3 separate occasions) generalizability studies to analyze an extant data set of three 10-min language samples provided by 28 general and special education teachers recorded during large-group instruction across the school year. Subsequently, a series of decision studies estimated of the number and duration of sessions needed to obtain the criterion g coefficient ( g > .70). Results The most stable variables were total number of words and mazes, requiring only a single 10-min sample, two 6-min samples, or three 3-min samples to reach criterion. No measured variables related to content or complexity were adequately stable regardless of number and duration of samples. Conclusions Generalizability studies confirmed that a large proportion of variance was attributable to individuals rather than the sampling occasion when analyzing the amount and fluency of spontaneous teacher talk. In general, conventionally reported outcomes were more stable than researcher-developed codes, which suggests some categories of teacher talk are more context dependent than others and thus require more intensive data collection to measure reliably.

RGB Frequency Based Image Steganography

2020 ◽  
pp. 549-553
Author(s):  
Himanshu Kumar ◽  
Nitesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Image Steganography ◽  
Minimum Number

In this paper, we introduced a new RGB technique for image steganography. In this technique we introduced the idea of storing a different number of bits per channel (R, G or B) of a pixel based on the frequency of color values of pixel. The higher color frequency retains the maximum number of bits and lower color frequency stores the minimum number of bits.

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