MODELING THE USE OF OUTSOURCING IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CLUSTER FORMATIONS

Цель статьи – построение комплексной методологии оценки оптимальной структуры формирования информационных кластеров и механизмов их эффективного функционирования. На основе преимуществ аутсорсинга в информационной экономике предложена использована новая форма сетевого взаимодействия – информационный кластер, разработан агломеративный иерархический алгоритм оценки максимальной эффективной сложности и однородности субъектов кластера по различным критериям (информационноемкость, интеллектуальный потенциал, социометрические характеристики и др.), построены модели распределения целей среди наиболее близких в институциональном плане субъектов кластера, которые позволяют решить большую область задач распределения проектов в партнерской сети информационных кластеров, организовывать сетевую распределенную работу и экономить ресурсы времени. The purpose of the article is to build a comprehensive methodology for assessing the optimal structure of the formation of information clusters and the mechanisms for their effective functioning. Based on the advantages of outsourcing in the information economy, a new form of network interaction is proposed - an information cluster, an agglomerative hierarchical algorithm has been developed to assess the maximum effective complexity and homogeneity of cluster subjects according to various criteria (information capacity, intellectual potential, sociometric characteristics, etc.), models for the distribution of goals among the closest in institutional terms of cluster subjects are built, which allow solving a large area of project distribution tasks in a partner network of information clusters, organizing network distributed work and saving time resources.

ІНФІНІТИВИ У ФУНКЦІЇ ВТОРИННОГО ПРЕДИКАТА У ТЕКСТІ БІОГРАФІЇ АРТАКСЕРКСА ПЛУТАРХА: ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ВІДТВОРЕННЯ У ПЕРЕКЛАДІ НОВОГРЕЦЬКОЮ МОВОЮ

In the article, infi nitives in the function of the secondary predicate, in particular, in the syntactic constructions Accusativus cum infi nitivo, Nominativus cum infi nitivo and in subordinate clauses with the conjunctions ὥστε and πρίν in the text of the biography of Artaxerxes by Plutarch are considered. In accordance with the purpose of the study, the descriptive method (for inventory, classifi cation and grammatical interpretation of infi nitives) and comparative analysis (for identifi cation of grammatical transformations of the ancient Greek infi nitive in New Greek translation and for assessment of their compliance with the original forms) were used. Elements of quantitative analysis have also been involved (to determine the main transformational means of translating infi nitives). The analysis has shown that the infi nitive as an non-fi nite form of the verb is rendered as a fi nite one, the most typical variant of translating the infi nitive in the construction Accusativus cum infi nitivo, in subordinate temporal clauses with the conjunction πρίν, and in the majority of clauses of result with the conjunction ώστε being conditional mood with the particle να (60 %). Infi nitives in the construction Nominativus cum infi nitivо and partly in subordinate clauses with the conjunction ώστε are usually translated by indicatives (35 %); in some cases the infi nitive is reproduced by descriptive expressions (5 %). Grammatical transformations are combined with lexical ones. In the translation, the same verb (15 %) as in Old Greek can be used, or it can be replaced by a synonymous verb (85 %) of New Greek due to the limited use of the corresponding Old Greek words in New Greek or their disappearance. Therefore, the absence of infi nitives in New Greek is represented in translation by other means and techniques, which have an equivalent semantic load and can adequately reproduce the meaning of a sentence with an infi nitive construction, and thus to render Plutarch’s literary passion for multifaceted action and information capacity of the text. Key words: Accusativus cum infi nitivo, Nominativus cum infi nitivo, subordinate clauses with conjunctions ὥστε and πρίν, translation, conditional mood with particle να, indicative mood, descriptive expression.

Isotropic and Non-Isotropic Signaling in Multivariate α-Stable Noise

A wide range of communication systems are corrupted by non-Gaussian noise, ranging from wireless to power line. In some cases, including interference in uncoordinated OFDM-based wireless networks, the noise is both impulsive and multivariate. At present, little is known about the information capacity and corresponding optimal input distributions. In this paper, we derive upper and lower bounds of the information capacity by exploiting non-isotropic inputs. For the special case of sub-Gaussian α-stable noise models, a numerical study reveals that isotropic Gaussian inputs can remain a viable choice, although the performance depends heavily on the dependence structure of the noise.

Chinese and Japanese Characters from the Perspective of Multimodal Studies

This article aims to demonstrate that a character can generate at least three different modalities simultaneously – visual, audial and vestibular — and influence a recipient in a deeper and more powerful way (than a sign from a phonetic alphabet). To show this, we chose modern Chinese and Japanese characters as live signs, and analyzed them functioning in texts with obvious utilitarian purposes – in advertisements. The main problem we were interested in during conducting this research was the “information capacity” of a character. We find out that any character exists in three dimensions simultaneously and generates three modalities at the same time. Its correspondence with morphemes opens two channels for encoding information – first of all, it brings a space for audial modality through the acoustic form of a syllable, and then it opens a space for visual modality through the graphical form of a character. The latter form implies a space for vestibular modality, because as a “figure,” any character occupies its “ground” (a particular square area), which becomes a source of a sense of stability and symmetry, enriching linguistic messages with non-verbal information. Keywords: advertisement, character, information, mode, multimodality

Increasing Information Entropy of Both Weights and Activations for the Binary Neural Networks

In terms of memory footprint requirement and computing speed, the binary neural networks (BNNs) have great advantages in power-aware deployment applications, such as AIoT edge terminals, wearable and portable devices, etc. However, the networks’ binarization process inevitably brings considerable information losses, and further leads to accuracy deterioration. To tackle these problems, we initiate analyzing from a perspective of the information theory, and manage to improve the networks information capacity. Based on the analyses, our work has two primary contributions: the first is a newly proposed median loss (ML) regularization technique. It improves the binary weights distribution more evenly, and consequently increases the information capacity of BNNs greatly. The second is the batch median of activations (BMA) method. It raises the entropy of activations by subtracting a median value, and simultaneously lowers the quantization error by computing separate scaling factors for the positive and negative activations procedure. Experiment results prove that the proposed methods utilized in ResNet-18 and ResNet-34 individually outperform the Bi-Real baseline by 1.3% and 0.9% Top-1 accuracy on the ImageNet 2012. Proposed ML and BMA for the storage cost and calculation complexity increments are minor and negligible. Additionally, comprehensive experiments also prove that our methods can be applicable and embedded into the present popular BNN networks with accuracy improvement and negligible overhead increment.

Computer-Generated Hologram Based on Reference Light Multiplexing for Holographic Display

In this article, we propose a reference light wave multiplexing scheme to increase the information capacity of computer-generated holograms. The holograms were generated by different reference light waves and superimposed together as a multiplexed hologram. A modified Gerchberg–Saxton algorithm was used to improve image quality, and different images could be reconstructed when the multiplexed hologram was illuminated by corresponding reference light waves. We performed both numerical simulations and optical experiments to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed scheme. Numerical simulations showed that the proposed method could reconstruct multiple images successfully by a single multiplexed hologram and optical experiments are consistently good with numerical simulations. It is expected that the proposed method has great potential to be widely applied in holographic displays in the future.

Information Resources Economy in Satellite Systems based on New Microwave Polarizers with Tunable Posts

One of the fundamental problems of modern digital telecommunications is the economy of digital information and frequency resources, which are highly limited. The introduction of novel telecommunication systems and 5G networks requires the search of principal solutions for economy and reusing of frequency spectrum. Therefore, modern wireless mobile, terrestrial and satellite systems use variety of new technologies to increase the information capacity of communication channels for the economy of limited frequency resources. One of the most effective ways to reuse the operating frequency band of the information system is to apply antennas with polarization signal processing. Such systems provide the possibility to transmit and to receive simultaneously signals with different types of polarization. Consequently, the application of electromagnetic waves with two orthogonal polarizations improves the information characteristics of wireless systems for various purposes. This allows to double the information capacity of mobile, terrestrial and satellite communication channels. In addition, polarization processing is carried out in meteorological and radar systems for receiving, transmitting and processing of information. The essential elements of such systems are microwave polarizers and orthomode transducers. The electromagnetic characteristics of these devices affect greatly the characteristics of the whole system. Main electromagnetic characteristics include phase, matching and polarization parameters. The article presents the results of development of a compact tunable polarizer based on a square waveguide with three posts. The developed polarizer operates in the X-band from 8.0 GHz to 8.5 GHz. Created mathematical model of the polarizer is based on the scattering and transmission matrices. To verify correctness of the developed theoretical model the calculation of all characteristics was also performed numerically using the finite integration technique. The developed compact polarizer based on a square waveguide with three posts allows to tune its matching and polarization characteristics by changing the heights of all posts. The main advantages of the developed polarizer are small dimensions, the tuning option and stability of characteristics of polarization transformation.