scholarly journals Prenatal Stress Enhances Stress- and Corticotropin-Releasing Factor-Induced Stimulation of Hippocampal Acetylcholine Release in Adult Rats

1998 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 1886-1892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie C. Day ◽  
Muriel Koehl ◽  
Veronique Deroche ◽  
Michel Le Moal ◽  
Stefania Maccari
Keyword(s):  
Prenatal Stress ◽  
Acetylcholine Release ◽  
Corticotropin Releasing Factor ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Stimulation Of

Prenatal stress modifies the insulin-like growth factor-1 levels in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of adult rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 593-594
Author(s):  
Ewa Szczęsny ◽  
Agnieszka Basta-Kaim ◽  
Aneta Dardzińska ◽  
Monika Leśkiewicz ◽  
Magdalena Regulska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Prenatal Stress ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Adult Rats

Alloxan, but not streptozotocin, increases blood perfusion of pancreatic islets in rats

1992 ◽  
Vol 263 (1) ◽  
pp. E57-E63 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Jansson ◽  
S. Sandler
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Flow Distribution ◽  
Blood Perfusion ◽  
Perfused Pancreas ◽  
Pancreatic Blood Flow ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Stimulation Of

It has recently been shown that selective B-cell toxins alloxan and streptozotocin (STZ) possess marked effects also on the vascular system. To evaluate to what extent changes in blood perfusion of islets induced by alloxan or STZ could be of importance for diabetogenic action of these compounds, we first investigated acute effects of alloxan (75 mg/kg body wt iv) and STZ (40 mg/kg body wt iv) on both whole pancreatic blood flow (PBF) and islet blood flow (IBF) in adult rats. Alloxan caused a marked increase in IBF, which was most pronounced 3 min after administration and remained for 30 min. PBF, however, was decreased 3 min after alloxan administration but was similar to that of control animals from 10 min and onward. These two opposite effects on IBF and PBF caused the fraction of whole PBF diverted through islets to increase from approximately 10 to 50%. Pretreatment with glucose (2 g/kg body wt iv), indomethacin (3.5 mg/kg body wt iv), dimethyl sulfoxide (10 ml/kg body wt ip of a 33% solution), superoxide dismutase (SOD, 1,000 kU/kg body wt iv), NG-methyl-L-arginine (30 mg/kg body wt iv), theophylline (7 mg/kg body wt iv), or terbutaline (1 mg/kg body wt iv) failed to affect stimulation of IBF by alloxan observed at 3 min. SOD was found to exert a marked stimulation of IBF both when given alone and together with alloxan. Alloxan increased IBF and decreased PBF also in a syngeneic pancreaticoduodenal graft in rats but did not affect flow distribution in a perfused pancreas-duodenum preparation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Vasopressin responsiveness of renal adenylate cyclase in newborn rats and rabbits

1978 ◽  
Vol 234 (1) ◽  
pp. F16-F21 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Schlondorff ◽  
H. Weber ◽  
W. Trizna ◽  
L. G. Fine
Keyword(s):  
Adenylate Cyclase ◽  
Renal Medulla ◽  
Neonatal Rat ◽  
Newborn Period ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Developing Kidney ◽  
Hormonal Activation ◽  
Collecting Tubules ◽  
Stimulation Of

Newborns show an inability to concentrate maximally their urine. The vasopressin responsiveness of adenylate cyclase was, therefore, examined in membranes obtained from kidneys of neonatal and adult rats and from renal medulla and isolated collecting tubules of newborn and adult rabbits. In spite of higher basal and NaF-stimulated activity, vasopressin failed to stimulate adenylate cyclase from neonatal rat kidneys. In neonatal and adult rabbits, basal and NaF-stimulated adenylate cyclase activities of renal medullary membranes were comparable but vasopressin stimulation was significantly lower in the newborns. No change in hormonal activation constant was observed. This hyporesponsiveness of neonatal adenylate cyclase to vasopressin was confirmed with single isolated rabbit collecting tubules for adenylate cyclase determination, a highly sensitive preparation. It is intriguing to speculate that the low vasopressin stimulation of the medullary adenylate cyclase in the developing kidney may contribute to the known limitations of the urinary concentrating mechanism in the newborn period.

Stimulation of acetylcholine release in myenteric plexus by calcitonin gene-related peptide

1990 ◽  
Vol 259 (6) ◽  
pp. G934-G939 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. W. Mulholland ◽  
S. Jaffer
Keyword(s):  
Myenteric Plexus ◽  
Acetylcholine Release ◽  
Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide ◽  
Ach Release ◽  
Related Peptide ◽  
Calcitonin Gene ◽  
Dose Dependent Increase ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Dependent Mechanism ◽  
Stimulation Of

The effects of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) on acetylcholine (ACh) release from myenteric plexus neurons in primary culture were investigated. CGRP (10(-12) to 10(-6) M) produced a dose-dependent increase in [3H]ACh release. The ACh release caused by CGRP was significantly inhibited (74 +/- 24%) by preincubation with dideoxyadenosine but was increased more than threefold by preincubation with theophylline. Incubation of myenteric plexus neurons with CGRP (10(-8) M) in the presence of diltiazem (10(-5) M) or in a calcium-free medium markedly reduced [3H]ACh release. CGRP potentiated [3H]ACh release stimulated by potassium or substance P but not by cholecystokinin octapeptide or forskolin. The results demonstrate that CGRP cause release of ACh from guinea pig myenteric plexus neurons and suggest that the peptide acts through an adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate-dependent mechanism that involves neuronal calcium channels.

Stimulation of rat pancreatic exocrine secretion by urocortin and corticotropin releasing factor

Peptides ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 727-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo A Guzman ◽  
Weizhen Zhang ◽  
Theodore R Lin ◽  
Michael W Mulholland
Keyword(s):  
Exocrine Secretion ◽  
Corticotropin Releasing Factor ◽  
Pancreatic Exocrine Secretion ◽  
Pancreatic Exocrine ◽  
Stimulation Of

Role of neurogenesis in distinguishing relevant from irrelevant memories

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 655-655
Author(s):  
M. Moreno ◽  
E. Glennon ◽  
L. Thiru ◽  
C. Sexton ◽  
J.D. Coplan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hippocampal Neurons ◽  
Spatial Segregation ◽  
Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Spatial Cues ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Immature Neuron ◽  
Stimulation Of

BackgroundIn this study we examine potential mechanisms by which the stimulation of hippocampal neurogenesis may generate an antidepressant effect.MethodsStudy-1: Adult male rats (N = 24) were trained to segregate relevant from irrelevant spatial cues (spatial segregation); tested on this task four and 8-weeks late; then exposed (on week 8) to a modified version of the task that conflicted with the memory of the initially learned experience (mnemonic segregation); and then euthanized to detect hippocampal neurogenesis. Study-2: Adult rats (N = 24) were trained in the spatial segregation task; three-days later, half were re-tested on the same task and half the tested on the modified task (mnemonic segregation); and euthanized immediately to detect neurons that were synaptically active during task performance.ResultsStudy-1: Good performers on the modified task (mnemonic segregation) had significantly greater rates of hippocampal neurogenesis, but the increase was only in immature neurons and not in new neurons that had completed maturation. Performance on spatial segregation task was unrelated to proficiency in mnemonic segregation or rates of neurogenesis. Study-2: Performance on the mnemonic segregation unrelated to neurogenesis rates, but inversely correlated to synaptic activation of mature hippocampal neurons, which in turn inversely correlated with immature neuron rates.ConclusionTaken together, the data suggests that neurogenesis facilitates detection of subtle changes to experiences established over several weeks (not days); this occurs prior to forming synapses; and maybe associated with suppression of mature hippocampal neurons that presumably mediate older, interfering, experiences.

Effects of estrogen on potassium-stimulated acetylcholine release in the hippocampus and overlying cortex of adult rats

1997 ◽  
Vol 749 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Gibbs ◽  
Ahmad Hashash ◽  
David A. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Acetylcholine Release ◽  
Adult Rats
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