THE EFFECT OF THE LONG TERM ADMINISTRATION OF ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES ON EXCRETION VALUES FOR FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE AND LUTEINISING HORMONE

1967 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. T. Bell ◽  
A. L. Herbst ◽  
Mariamma Krishnamurti ◽  
J. A. Loraine ◽  
Eleanor Mears ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Contraceptives ◽  
Luteinising Hormone ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Term Therapy ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
Steroid Excretion ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

ABSTRACT Pituitary gonadotrophic function together with urinary steroid excretion has been studied in four women during and following long term therapy with oral contraceptives. Assays of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were performed in all subjects while luteinising hormone (LH) output was measured in two. Estimations of urinary oestrogens and pregnanediol indicated absence of ovarian activity during treatment and the resumption of ovulation in the first or second post-treatment cycle. In the three women who received progestogen-oestrogen mixtures depression of FSH and LH activities during treatment was noted. In the subject receiving a progestogen alone such a depression did not occur. Following withdrawal of medication urinary FSH excretion remained similar to that during treatment while LH levels either rose or were unchanged. It is concluded that the long term effects of oral contraceptives on pituitary gonadotrophic function are variable and may depend on such factors as the composition of the tablet administered, its total dosage and the duration of therapy.

Endocrinological Studies in Two Patients with Post Contraceptive Cyclic Dysfunction

1972 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 270-274
Author(s):  
D. A. Adamopoulos ◽  
J. A. Loraine ◽  
J. Ginsburg ◽  
N. B. Loudon
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Oral Contraceptives ◽  
Luteinising Hormone ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Term Therapy ◽  
Long Term Therapy ◽  
Hypothalamic Level ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

Serial assays of urinary oestrogens, pregnanediol, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinising hormone (LH) have been performed in two women who developed amenorrhoea as a result of medication by oral contraceptives. Oestrogen levels were generally within the range normally found during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. However, in both subjects during part of the investigation there was a rise to midcycle levels; in the first woman this occurred spontaneously and in the second as a result of clomiphene treatment. Urinary LH activity was present in both patients throughout the study but in neither was a midcycle peak of LH output observed. The findings are compatible with the view that long term therapy by oral contraceptives may impair the cyclic release of gonadotrophins at the hypothalamic level thus resulting in amenorrhoea and anovulation.

FURTHER STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES ON ENDOCRINE FUNCTION WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO LUTEINISING HORMONE EXCRETION

1969 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Papanicolaou ◽  
A. Loraine ◽  
Margaret C. N. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Oral Contraceptives ◽  
Luteinising Hormone ◽  
Treatment Cycle ◽  
Sequential Therapy ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Endocrine Function ◽  
Term Therapy ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Long Term Therapy

ABSTRACT Serial assays of luteinising hormone (LH) and pregnanediol in urine have been performed in four women during and following long term therapy with oral contraceptives. One subject was treated with a progestogen-oestrogen mixture, another with a progestogen alone and two with a sequential regime. In three subjects there was definite evidence for the resumption of ovulation in the first post-treatment cycle; in the fourth the evidence was less clear cut. None of the patients showed suppression of urinary LH activity as a result of medication, and in all four the fiducial limits of individual assays in the treatment and post-treatment cycles overlapped to a considerable extent. One woman receiving sequential therapy showed a midcycle LH peak in the post-treatment but not in the treatment cycle. These findings are compatible with the view that long term therapy with oral contraceptives does not produce any deleterious effects on pituitary gonadotrophic function. In one subject the short term effect of chlormadinone acetate administered continuously in low dosage was investigated. The compound produced little effect on either LH or oestrogen output, but may have inhibited ovulation as judged by urinary pregnanediol assays.

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