scholarly journals The human menstrual cycle: plasma concentrations of prolactin, LH, FSH, oestradiol and progesterone in conceiving and non-conceiving women

Reproduction ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Lenton ◽  
R. Sulaiman ◽  
O. Sobowale ◽  
I. D. Cooke
1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. L. McColl ◽  
A. M. Wallace ◽  
M. R. Moore ◽  
G. G. Thompson ◽  
A. Goldberg

1. The timing of onset of attacks of acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) in relation to the menstrual cycle has been studied in three patients experiencing frequent attacks. Nineteen of their 27 admissions in attack for which no exogenous precipitating causes could be identified were during the 7 days before the onset of menstruation. 2. Haem biosynthesis has been monitored throughout a complete menstrual cycle in six normal females and compared with that in male control subjects. In the females, there was marked fluctuation in the activity of the rate-controlling enzyme of haem biosynthesis, δ-aminolaevulinate (ALA) synthase, which was monitored in peripheral leucocytes. The fluctuation did not show any clear association with menstruation and no association was found between the enzyme activity and ovarian or adrenal steroid production as monitored by measurement of plasma concentrations of androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA), dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHAS), testosterone, oestradiol and progesterone. The activity of uroporphyrinogen I (URO) synthase, the enzyme which is deficient in AIP, was monitored in peripheral erythrocytes of four of the normal female subjects and was similar to that found in four male control subjects. The urinary excretion of ALA and porphobilinogen (PBG) was also similar in the male and female subjects and there was no association with the phase of the menstrual cycle or activity of the enzymes studied. 3. Studies of haem biosynthesis have been made throughout a complete menstrual cycle in a 26 year old female with latent AIP. The activity of leucocyte ALA synthase showed more marked fluctuation than in the normal female subjects and was highest at the time of menstruation. No association was apparent between the activity of ALA synthase and plasma concentrations of androstenedione, DHA and DHAS. The fluctuation in activity of erthrocyte URO synthase was similar to that of the normal subjects. The urinary excretion of ALA and PBG was normal throughout and showed no correlation with fluctuations in enzyme activity. 4. The human menstrual cycle modifies haem biosynthesis in normal subjects as well as in subjects with latent and manifested AIP. 5. The human female menstrual cycle modifies haem biosynthesis in peripheral blood cells as well as in the liver.


1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Krug ◽  
M. Mölle ◽  
H.L. Fehm ◽  
J. Born

Abstract Previous studies have indicated: (1) peak performance on tests of divergent creative thinking during the ovulatory phase of the menstrual cycle; (2) compared to convergent analytical thinking, divergent thinking was found to be associated with a distinctly increased dimensional complexity of ongoing EEG activity. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that cortical information processing during the ovulatory phase is characterized by an increased EEG dimensionality. Each of 16 women was tested on 3 occasions: during the ovulatory phase, the luteal phase, and menses. Presence of the phases was confirmed by determination of plasma concentrations of estradiol, progesterone, and luteinizing hormone. The EEG was recorded while the women performed: (1) tasks of divergent thinking; (2) tasks of convergent thinking; and (3) during mental relaxation. In addition to EEG dimensional complexity, conventional spectral power analysis was performed. Behavioral data confirmed enhanced creative performance during the ovulatory phase while convergent thinking did not vary across cycle phases. EEG complexity was higher during divergent than convergent thought, but this difference remained unaffected by the menstrual phase. Influences of the menstrual phase on EEG activity were most obvious during mental relaxation. In this condition, women during the ovulatory phase displayed highest EEG dimensionality as compared with the other cycle phases, with this effect being most prominent over the central and parietal cortex. Concurrently, power within the alpha frequency band as well as theta power at frontal and parietal leads were lower during the luteal than ovulatory phase. EEG results indicate that task demands of thinking overrode effects of menstrual cycle. However, with a less demanding situation, an ovulatory increase in EEG dimensionality became prominent suggesting a loosening of associative habits during this phase.


2009 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Constantinos Michos ◽  
Vasiliki Kalfakakou ◽  
Spyridon Karkabounas ◽  
Dimitrios Kiortsis ◽  
Aggelos Evangelou

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. Rossmanith ◽  
B. Schenkel ◽  
R. Benz

1975 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald W. Cox ◽  
W. Leroy Heinrichs ◽  
C. Alvin Paulsen ◽  
Suzanne H. Conrad ◽  
Harvey S. Schiller ◽  
...  

2013 ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
Reid L. Norman

Science ◽  
1956 ◽  
Vol 124 (3227) ◽  
pp. 891-893 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. ROCK ◽  
G. PINCUS ◽  
C. R. GARCIA

The Lancet ◽  
1937 ◽  
Vol 229 (5928) ◽  
pp. 861-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
ThomasN. Morgan ◽  
SydneyG. Davidson

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