RESPONSES OF CHILDREN IMMUNIZED WITH THE CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE OF HEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE, TYPE b

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 637-644
Author(s):  
David H. Smith ◽  
Georges Peter ◽  
David L. Ingram ◽  
A. Lynn Harding ◽  
Porter Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Capsular Polysaccharide ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Antibody Concentration ◽  
Antibody Activity ◽  
Antigen Binding ◽  
Type B ◽  
Intramuscular Dose ◽  
Hemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Hemophilus Influenzae Type B

One hundred forty-one children of 5 to 59 months of age were immunized with a single intramuscular dose of 0.67, 3.3, 17, or 67µg polyribophosphate (PRP), the capsular antigen of Hemophilus influenzae, type b. The immunizations were well tolerated, particularly at doses of .67 to 17µg. Antibody activity was measured by radioactive antigen binding, using 3H-labelled PRP. Doses of 3.3 and 17µg produced significant antibody rises in nearly 90% of recipients; 0.67 and 67µg in approximately half. The geometric mean titers were similar at three and six weeks after immunization and were greater with the middle doses. The net antibody increase in responding children was strongly age dependent, but was not related to the preimmunization antibody concentration. Rises in serum bactericidal activity against H. influenzae type b generally accompanied rises in antibody concentration as measured by the antigen-binding assay.

Responses of Children Immunized with Capsular Polysaccharide of Hemophilus influenzae Type b, by David H. Smith, MD, et al,Pediatrics, 1973;52:637–644; and Haemophilus influenzae Type b Capsular Polysaccharide Vaccine in Children: A Double-blind Field Study of 100 000 Vaccinees 3 Months to 5 Years of Age in Finland, by Heikki Peltola, MD et al,Pediatrics, 1977;60:730–737

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 102 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 252-254
Author(s):  
Georges Peter
Keyword(s):  
Capsular Polysaccharide ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Polysaccharide Vaccine ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type ◽  
Antibody Concentration ◽  
Antigen Binding ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type B ◽  
Type B ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Group A

One hundred forty-one children of 5 to 59 months of age were immunized with a single intramuscular dose of 0.67, 3.3, 17, or 67 μg polyribophosphate (PRP), the capsular antigen ofHemophilus influenzae, type b. The immunizations were well tolerated, particularly at doses of .67 to 17 μg. Antibody activity was measured by radioactive antigen binding, using3H-labelled PRP. Doses of 3.3 and 17 μg produced significant antibody rises in nearly 90% of recipients; 0.67 and 67 μg in approximately half. The geometric mean titers were similar at three and six weeks after immunization and were greater with the middle doses. The net antibody increase in responding children was strongly age dependent, but was not related to the preimmunization antibody concentration. Rises in serum bactericidal activity against H. influenzae type b generally accompanied rises in antibody concentration as measured by the antigen-binding assay. A recently developed Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide vaccine was given to 48 977 children 3 months to 5 years of age; an equal number of children receiving group A meningococcal vaccine served as controls. The protection as well as serum antibody response was strongly age dependent. Among children who had received the H. influenzae type b vaccine when 18 months of age or older, there were no cases of bacteremic disease caused by H. influenzaetype b in the first year after vaccination. At the same time 11 such cases were seen in the control group of the same age, a highly significant difference. In the second year after vaccination two cases occurred in the H. influenzae type b-vaccinated group, five in the meningococcal-group A vaccinated group. No protection was seen among children who had been younger than 18 months when vaccinated, even if they received a booster dose of the vaccine. The serum antibody response to the H. influenzae type b polysaccharide, measured by radioimmunoassay, was poor in children below 18 months of age and good in those above it. No effect of the vaccine could be seen on the nasopharyngeal carriage of H. influenzae type b, which was approximately 6% in this age group. Adverse effects of the vaccine were mild.

Clinical and Serologic Responses of Saudi Children to Hemophilus Influenzae Type B Capsular Polysaccharide Diphtheria Toxoid Conjugate Vaccine

1993 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Husn H. Frayha ◽  
Hamida Shaheen ◽  
Robert S. Ganelin ◽  
Hoda A. Kattan ◽  
Haysam T. Tufenkeji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Capsular Polysaccharide ◽  
Diphtheria Toxoid ◽  
Type B ◽  
Hemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Hemophilus Influenzae Type B

Neonatal Immunization: Response to Haemophilus influenzae Type b-Tetanus Toxoid Conjugate Vaccine

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 815-822
Author(s):  
Sari Kurikka ◽  
Helena Käyhty ◽  
Heikki Peltola ◽  
Leena Saarinen ◽  
Juhani Eskola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Tetanus Toxoid ◽  
Capsular Polysaccharide ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type ◽  
Antibody Concentration ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type B ◽  
Type B ◽  
Natural Decay

Objective. To study the immunogenicity and tolerability of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccine administered in the neonatal period. Design. Hib capsular polysaccharide (PS)-tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine (PRP-T) was given to 120 neonates at 2 days of age, followed by PRP-T or the Hib PS vaccine at 4 months and a PRP-T booster at 14 months. Their anti-Hib PS concentrations were compared with those in children receiving PRP-T at 2 and 4 months or at 4 months. Results. No serious adverse reactions were noted. The geometric mean concentration of anti-Hib PS at the age of 2 days was 0.34 µg/mL and at 4 months was 0.12 µg/mL. This was significantly more than the concentration in unimmunized infants at this age and 3.5 times more than expected, taking into account the natural decay of transplacentally acquired antibodies. Such a response was not seen in infants with a high (greater than 3.0 µg/mL) neonatal antibody concentration. The PRP-T vaccine given at 4 months elicited an antibody response in all infants and Hib PS in 62%, indicating immunologic priming. At 14 months a higher percentage of the infants who had received PRP-T at 2 days and 4 months than of those who had received PRP-T at 4 months only had anti-Hib PS concentrations greater than 0.15 µg/mL. All infants responded well to the booster at 14 months. There was no evidence of immunologic tolerance. Conclusions. Neonatal immunization with PRP-T was safe and well tolerated in Finnish infants, and it would be worthwhile to further study its effects in higher risk populations.

Safety and Immunogenicity of Haemophilus influenzae Type b Oligosaccharide-CRM197 Conjugate Vaccine in Infants Aged 15 to 23 Months

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 527-534
Author(s):  
Dace Viceps Madore ◽  
Cynthia L. Johnson ◽  
Donna C. Phipps ◽  
Martin G. Myers ◽  
Ronald Eby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Capsular Polysaccharide ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type ◽  
Antibody Concentration ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type B ◽  
Type B ◽  
Polysaccharide Antibody ◽  
Covalently Linked

A total of 268 infants aged 15 to 23 months received one dose of a vaccine composed of Haemophilus influenzae type b oligosaccharides covalently linked to the nontoxic diphtheria toxin variant CRM197 (HbOC; HibTITER). Side effects associated with vaccination were infrequent, transient, and mild. One month after a single vaccination, the anti-H influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide antibody concentration rose from a geometric mean prevaccination level of 0.20 µg/mL to 13.77 µg/mL. Of these infants, 99% had a postvaccination level greater than or equal to 1.00 µg/mL, a level associated with long-term protection. The immune response was long-lived: all of the children who were monitored 17 to 27 months after vaccination had concentrations greater than or equal to 1.00 µg/mL. The anti-H influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide antibody generated was predominantly of the IgG isotype and IgG1 subclass. The immune sera had bactericidal activity in vitro and conferred passive protection in the infant rat meningitis model.

Quantitative measurements of Hemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide antibodies in Japanese children

2007 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 864-868 ◽  
Author(s):  
NARUHIKO ISHIWADA ◽  
CHIE FUKASAWA ◽  
YUKIKO INAMI ◽  
HARUKA HISHIKI ◽  
NOBUE TAKEDA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Capsular Polysaccharide ◽  
Type B ◽  
Japanese Children ◽  
Hemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Quantitative Measurements ◽  
Hemophilus Influenzae Type B

Frequency of Detection of Hemophilus influenzae Type b Capsular Polysaccharide in Infants and Children With Pneumonia

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-268
Author(s):  
Ellen R. Wald ◽  
Myron M. Levine
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Capsular Polysaccharide ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Type B ◽  
Radiographic Evidence ◽  
Hemolytic Streptococcus ◽  
Hemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Hemophilus Influenzae Type B ◽  
In Infants And Children

Countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis was used to detect H. influenzae type b antigen in sera of 65 consecutive infants and children with clinical and radiographic evidence of pneumonia. Antigenemia was observed in only one patient who also had H. influenzae type b bacteremia. Blood cultures from four other children were positive for H. aphrophilus (one), Streptococcus pneumoniae (two), and an α-hemolytic Streptococcus (one). The frequency of pharyngeal colonization with H. influenzae type b was similar in children with or without pneumonia. If H. influenzae type b was the cause of pneumonitis in the children studied, it occurred without bacteremia or antigenemia.

Immunogenicity of Haemophilus influenzae Type b Polysaccharide-Neisseria meningitidis Outer Membrane Protein Conjugate Vaccine in 2- to 6-Month-Old Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-287
Author(s):  
Allen A. Lenoir ◽  
Paul D. Granoff ◽  
Dan M. Granoff
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Protein ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Neisseria Meningitidis ◽  
Outer Membrane Protein ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type ◽  
Antibody Concentration ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type B ◽  
Type B

Fifty infants, 2 to 6 months of age, were vaccinated with Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide covalently linked to an outer membrane protein from Neisseria meningitidis group B. Subjects were given two injections and were randomly assigned to receive the injections separated by 1 or 2 months. Each dose contained 15 µg of polysaccharide and 51 µg of protein, or approximately twice the amount of polysaccharide as used in our previous trial (Lancet 1986;2:299). Fevers of 38.0° to 38.8°C developed in three infants (6%) within 24 hours after vaccination, but there were no other notable reactions. Following one injection, the geometric mean antibody concentration increased from 0.13 µg/mL in preimmune serum to 1.50 µg/mL in serum obtained 1 to 2 months later (P < .001). After a second injection, there was a further increase in serum antibody (geometric mean = 3.11 µg/mL, P < .007). The geometric mean antibody concentration of the group reimmunized 2 months after the first injection was higher than that in the group reimmunized after 1 month (3.95 v 2.32 µg/mL, P = .05, by analysis of covariance with age as the covariant). These data confirm our previous preliminary observations on the safety and immunogenicity of this new conjugate vaccine in infants 2 to 6 months of age. The data suggest that a 2-month interval between the first and second injections results in higher levels of serum antibody than a 1-month interval.

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