Questions About Hypertension

Michael D. Bailie

doi:10.1542/peds.59.1.138a

Questions About Hypertension

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.59.1.138a ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 59 (1) ◽

pp. 138-139

Author(s):

Michael D. Bailie

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Newborn Infants ◽

Infants And Children ◽

Health Maintenance

The commentary "The Pediatrician and Hypertension"1 emphasized a most important but still much ignored aspect of health maintenance of children. I feel that two points need to be emphasized further. First, physicians measuring blood pressure in children should be aware that the three sizes of cuff normally available for newborn, infants, and children may be inadequate and could potentially lead to an overestimation of the blood pressure. This situation arises because the bladder is frequently too short and not because it is too narrow.

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Normative Arm and Calf Blood Pressure Values in the Newborn

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.83.2.240 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 83 (2) ◽

pp. 240-243

Author(s):

Myung K. Park ◽

Da-Hae Lee

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Mexican Americans ◽

Newborn Infants ◽

Coarctation Of The Aorta ◽

Upper Arm ◽

Mean Values ◽

The Right ◽

Diagnosis Of Hypertension ◽

Mean Heart Rate

Indirect BP measurement was obtained in the right upper arm in 219 healthy newborn infants with the Dinamap monitor and was compared with values obtained from the calf to establish normative BP values and to help establish a diagnosis of hypertension and coarctation of the aorta in the newborn. There were 174 Mexican-Americans (79.5%), 33 whites (15.0%), and 12 blacks (5.5%). The width of the BP cuff was selected to be 0.4 to 0.5 times the circumference of the extremities. Three supine position readings of BPs and heart rate were obtained from each site and were averaged for statistical analyses. Mean arm BP values (±SD) of the neonate less than 36 hours of age were 62.6±6.9/38.9± 5.7 mm Hg (48.0±6.2 mm Hg). Neonates older than 36 hours had slightly but significantly (P<.05) greater values (4 to 6 mm Hg) than did infants younger than 36 hours of age. Active neonates had values 6 to 10 mm Hg greater than quiet neonates (P<.05). BP values in the calf obtained with the same-sized cuff were almost identical with those obtained from the arm. Differences in consecutively obtained arm and calf BPs (arm values minus calf values) were 1.1±7.7 mm Hg systolic, -0.01 ± 6.2 mm Hg diastolic, and 0.9 ±6.9 mm Hg mean pressures. Mean heart rate (±SD) of neonates less than 36 hours of age was 129.4± 13.2 beats per minute and that of neonates older than 36 hours of age was 139.4± 14.1 beats per minute. These results show the following: (1) arm BPs and calf BPs using the same-sized cuff are almost identical with mean values of approximately 65/ 41 mm Hg (50 mm Hg) in neonates one to three days of age, (2) arm BP of 75/49 mm Hg (59 mm Hg) or greater is in the hypertensive range, and (3) calf BPs that are less than arm BPs by mean + 1 SD (6 to 9 mm Hg) necessitate a thorough investigation for coarctation of the aorta.

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Follow-up of Newborns, Infants, and Children with Sepsis

Journal of Child Science ◽

10.1055/s-0037-1603893 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 07 (01) ◽

pp. e38-e41

Author(s):

P. Dahlem ◽

P. Biggar

Keyword(s):

Survival Rates ◽

Newborn Infants ◽

Infants And Children ◽

Older Children ◽

Follow Up Studies ◽

Related Quality ◽

Health Related ◽

Considerable Impact

AbstractMortality in newborn infants and children with sepsis is high with survival rates of generally more than 50% in recent studies. Longitudinal follow-up studies have the potential to reveal short-term and lifelong physical, mental, and psychological sequelae. Although no comprehensive follow-up research has yet been performed, a small number of follow-up studies have shown that there is a considerable impact on the patients' lives and their families after hospital discharge. Health-related quality of life also seems to be affected; however, it does not correlate with severity of sepsis or handicap per se. Prematurely born infants, who can develop sequelae directly attributable to prematurity and its consequences, suffer differently from sepsis-related lifelong sequelae compared with older children. Fortunately, time may heal some wounds due to the effect of growth in children. In future, large centers should establish structural follow-up programs for clinical and research purposes to learn more about the needs of affected children and their families.

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Colloid Osmotic Pressure in Newborn Infants: Variations with Birth Weight, Gestational Age, Total Serum Solids, and Mean Arterial Pressure

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.68.6.814 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 68 (6) ◽

pp. 814-819

Author(s):

Paul Y. K. Wu ◽

Gary Rockwell ◽

Linda Chan ◽

Shu-Mei Wang ◽

Vikram Udani

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Osmotic Pressure ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

Newborn Infants ◽

Colloid Osmotic Pressure ◽

Large For Gestational Age ◽

Total Serum ◽

Arterial Blood

Colloid osmotic pressure (COP) of blood was measured directly at birth with the Wescor membrane colloid osmometer (model 4100) in 91 appropriately grown, 11 large, and nine small for gestational age "well" newborn infants. COP correlated directly with birth weight (r = .726, P < .00001) and gestational age (r = .753, P < .00001). COP values for small for gestational age (SGA) and large for gestational age (LGA) infants were found to fall within the 95% prediction interval with regard to birth weight and gestational age for appropriate for gestational age (AGA) infants. Simultaneous measurements of COP, total serum solids, and central arterial mean blood pressure were made. The results showed that COP correlated directly with total serum solids (r = .89, P < .0001) and mean arterial blood pressure (r = .660, P < .001). Among the factors evaluated, total serum solids was the best predictor of COP.

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THE BLOOD PRESSURE OF NEWBORN INFANTS: INDIRECT DETERMINATION BY AN AUTOMATIC BLOOD PRESSURE RECORDER IN 20 INFANTS

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.25.1.50 ◽

1960 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 50-53

Author(s):

Robert L. Morse ◽

Gordon L. Brownell ◽

James H. Currens

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Systolic Blood Pressure ◽

Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽

Newborn Infants ◽

Indirect Determination ◽

Pressure Recording ◽

Automatic Blood Pressure ◽

Blood Pressures ◽

The Mean ◽

Blood Pressure Recording

Systolic and diastolic blood pressures have been determined in 20 infants by the use of an automatic blood pressure-recording machine. The mean systolic blood pressure was 7.1 cm Hg (range 5.8 to 9.5). The mean diastolic blood pressure was 5.2 cm Hg (range 4.2 to 6.4).

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