Three-dimensional observation of nano-scale ferroelectric domain using scanning nonlinear dielectric microscopy

2005 ◽  
Vol 902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuo Cho ◽  
Tomoyuki Sugihara
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ferroelectric Domain ◽  
Nonlinear Dielectric ◽  
Nano Scale ◽  
Domain Configuration ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Dimensional Domain

AbstractThree-dimensional domain configuration of multi-domain LiTaO3 is revealed by Scanning Nonlinear Dielectric Microscopy (SNDM). SNDM can measure the polarization components both perpendicular and parallel to the surface of the specimen. These techniques are applied to the both congruent and stoichiometric LiTaO3 crystals. The images obtained by SNDM measurements allow us to confirm the various domain features of LiTaO3 and to understand both similarities and differences between the congruent and stoichiometric compositions.

scholarly journals Interactions Crucial for Three-Dimensional Domain Swapping in the HP-RNase Variant PM8

2011 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 459-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pere Tubert ◽  
Douglas V. Laurents ◽  
Marc Ribó ◽  
Marta Bruix ◽  
Maria Vilanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Domain Swapping ◽  
Dimensional Domain

scholarly journals Formation, structure, and dissociation of the ribonuclease S three-dimensional domain-swapped dimer. VOLUME 281 (2006) PAGES 9400-9406

2007 ◽  
Vol 282 (17) ◽  
pp. 13139
Author(s):  
Jorge P. López-Alonso ◽  
Marta Bruix ◽  
Josep Font ◽  
Marc Ribó ◽  
María Vilanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Domain

Dynamic observation of ferroelectric domain switching using scanning nonlinear dielectric microscopy

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (10S) ◽  
pp. 10PF16
Author(s):  
Yoshiomi Hiranaga ◽  
Takanori Mimura ◽  
Takao Shimizu ◽  
Hiroshi Funakubo ◽  
Yasuo Cho
Keyword(s):  
Domain Switching ◽  
Ferroelectric Domain ◽  
Nonlinear Dielectric ◽  
Dynamic Observation

An Efficient Sparse Finite Element Solver for the Radiative Transfer Equation

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisela Widmer
Keyword(s):  
Linear System ◽  
Radiative Transfer ◽  
Transfer Equation ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Radiative Transfer Equation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Discrete Ordinates ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
Computational Costs ◽  
Dimensional Domain

The stationary monochromatic radiative transfer equation (RTE) is posed in five dimensions, with the intensity depending on both a position in a three-dimensional domain as well as a direction. For non-scattering radiative transfer, sparse finite elements [1, 2] have been shown to be an efficient discretization strategy if the intensity function is sufficiently smooth. Compared to the discrete ordinates method, they make it possible to significantly reduce the number of degrees of freedom N in the discretization with almost no loss of accuracy. However, using a direct solver to solve the resulting linear system requires O(N3) operations. In this paper, an efficient solver based on the conjugate gradient method (CG) with a subspace correction preconditioner is presented. Numerical experiments show that the linear system can be solved at computational costs that are nearly proportional to the number of degrees of freedom N in the discretization.

scholarly journals Alternative Approach to Infinity

1974 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 99-99
Author(s):  
Peter G. Bergmann
Keyword(s):  
Large Class ◽  
Riemannian Manifolds ◽  
Quotient Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cauchy Data ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Equivalence Classes ◽  
Null Infinity ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Dimensional Domain

Following Penrose's construction of space-time infinity by means of a conformal construction, in which null-infinity is a three-dimensional domain, whereas time- and space-infinities are points, Geroch has recently endowed space-infinity with a somewhat richer structure. An approach that might work with a large class of pseudo-Riemannian manifolds is to induce a topology on the set of all geodesics (whether complete or incomplete) by subjecting their Cauchy data to (small) displacements in space-time and Lorentz rotations, and to group the geodesics all of whose neighborhoods intersect into equivalence classes. The quotient space of geodesics over equivalence classes is to represent infinity. In the case of Minkowski, null-infinity has the usual structure, but I0, I+, and I- each become three-dimensional as well.

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