DIVERSITY OF REEF FISH FUNGSIONAL GROUPS IN TERMS OF CORAL REEF RESILIENCES

Infrastructure development in the particular sites of Seribu Islands as well as those in main land of Jakarta City increased with coastal population this phenomenon is likely to increase the effects to the adjacent coral waters of Seribu Islands. Chemical pollutants, sedimentation, and domestic wastes are the common impact and threatening, the survival of coral reef ecosystem. Coral reef resiliences naturaly remained on their processes under many influences of supporting factors. One of the major factor is the role of reef fish functional groups on controling algae growth to recolonize coral juveniles. The aim of this study to obtain data of a herbivory and other fish functional groups of reef fishes in the Pari Islands that are resilience indicators, or that may indicate the effectiveness of management actions. A conventional scientific approach on fish diversity and abundance data gathering was conducted by the underwater visual cencus. Diversity values of the reef fish functional groups, such as the abundance of individual fish including species, were collected and tabulated by classes and weighted as a baseline to understand the resilience of coral reed based on Obura and Grimsditch (2009) techniques. The results succesfully identified several fish functional groups such as harbivores (21 species), carnivores (13 species) and fish indicator (5 species) occurred in the area. Regarding the aspects of fish density and its diversity, especially herbivorous fish functional group, were presumably in the state of rarely available to support the coral reef resiliences. Resilience indices ranged from 1 (low level) to 3 (moderate level) and averages of the quality levels ranged from 227 to 674. These levels were inadequate to support coral reef recolonization.

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First comprehensive list of the coral reef fishes of Tunku Abdul Rahman Park, Sabah, Malaysia (Borneo)

Check List ◽

10.15560/11.5.1762 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 1762 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ditch Townsend

Keyword(s):

Coral Reef ◽

Reef Fish ◽

Coral Reef Fish ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Reef Fishes ◽

Time Span ◽

Fish Diversity ◽

Marine Park ◽

A Site ◽

Scientific Survey

A 573 species-long checklist of the fishes in this 50 km2 tropical marine park was created predominantly by combining an unpublished scientific survey from 1992 with a hobbyist’s large photograph collection from between 2006 and 2009. Of the Indo-Pacific region’s coral reef-associated fish species, 15.2% are found here. Drawn from 83 families, the most speciose are Pomacentridae (71), Gobiidae (68) and Lab-ridae (55). A regression formula using the Coral reef Fish Diversity Index (CFDI) for species seen in 1992 suggests the park hosts 464 species, compared with the CFDI-based estimate of 495 based only on da-ta collected between 2006 and 2009, and 596 for the combined Index. With only 62% of the Index’s species seen both in the earlier and later lists, the utility of the CFDI is questionable at a site or over a time-span like this.

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An integrative investigation of sensory organ development and orientation behavior throughout the larval phase of a coral reef fish

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-91640-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

John E. Majoris ◽

Matthew A. Foretich ◽

Yinan Hu ◽

Katie R. Nickles ◽

Camilla L. Di Persia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coral Reef ◽

Reef Fish ◽

Coral Reef Fish ◽

Fish Larvae ◽

Reef Fishes ◽

Orientation Behavior ◽

Sensory Organs ◽

Dispersal Patterns ◽

Larval Phase

AbstractThe dispersal of marine larvae determines the level of connectivity among populations, influences population dynamics, and affects evolutionary processes. Patterns of dispersal are influenced by both ocean currents and larval behavior, yet the role of behavior remains poorly understood. Here we report the first integrated study of the ontogeny of multiple sensory systems and orientation behavior throughout the larval phase of a coral reef fish—the neon goby, Elacatinus lori. We document the developmental morphology of all major sensory organs (lateral line, visual, auditory, olfactory, gustatory) together with the development of larval swimming and orientation behaviors observed in a circular arena set adrift at sea. We show that all sensory organs are present at hatch and increase in size (or number) and complexity throughout the larval phase. Further, we demonstrate that most larvae can orient as early as 2 days post-hatch, and they swim faster and straighter as they develop. We conclude that sensory organs and swimming abilities are sufficiently developed to allow E. lori larvae to orient soon after hatch, suggesting that early orientation behavior may be common among coral reef fishes. Finally, we provide a framework for testing alternative hypotheses for the orientation strategies used by fish larvae, laying a foundation for a deeper understanding of the role of behavior in shaping dispersal patterns in the sea.

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Assessing the impact of static and fluctuating ocean acidification on the behavior of Amphiprion percula

10.1101/2021.01.23.427511 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Matthew A. Vaughan ◽

Danielle L. Dixson

Keyword(s):

Coral Reef ◽

Ocean Acidification ◽

Reef Fishes ◽

Amphiprion Percula ◽

Behavioral Abnormalities ◽

Negative Impacts ◽

Ground Truthing ◽

Chemosensory Behavior ◽

The Impact

AbstractCoral reef organisms are exposed to both an increasing magnitude of pCO2, and natural fluctuations on a diel scale. For coral reef fishes, one of the most profound effects of ocean acidification is the impact on ecologically important behaviors. Previous behavioral research has primarily been conducted under static pCO2 conditions and have recently come under criticism. Recent studies have provided evidence that the negative impacts on behavior may be reduced under more environmentally realistic, fluctuating conditions. We investigated the impact of both present and future day, static (500 and 1000 μatm) and diel fluctuating (500 ± 200 and 1000 ± 200 μatm) pCO2 on the lateralization and chemosensory behavior of juvenile anemonefish, Amphiprion percula. Our static experimental comparisons support previous findings that under elevated pCO2, fish become un-lateralized and lose the ability to discriminate olfactory cues. Diel-fluctuating pCO2 may aid in mitigating the severity of some behavioral abnormalities such as the chemosensory response, where a preference for predator cues was significantly reduced under a future diel-fluctuating pCO2 regime. This research aids in ground truthing earlier findings and contributes to our growing knowledge of the role of fluctuating conditions.

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6. Reef fish and other major predators

10.1093/actrade/9780199682775.003.0006 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Charles Sheppard

Keyword(s):

Coral Reef ◽

Coral Reefs ◽

Reef Fish ◽

Feeding Ecology ◽

Natural Habitat ◽

Marine Species ◽

Reef Fishes ◽

Symbiotic Relationships ◽

The Earth ◽

Reef Communities

Healthy reefs provide a habitat for an immense number of fish that come in a variety of shapes, sizes, and colours. No other natural habitat in the ocean shows this diversity and abundance. About a quarter of all marine species may be found on coral reefs even though this habitat occupies only one or two per cent of the area of the earth. ‘Reef fish and other major predators’ describes the diverse feeding ecology of reef fishes; coral reef predators such as the colourful crown of thorns starfish, Acanthaster plancii; symbiotic relationships between different species of fish or with different invertebrates; and the dangers of overfishing in reef communities.

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DNA-based identification of predators of the corallivorous Crown-of-Thorns Starfish (Acanthaster cf. solaris) from fish faeces and gut contents

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-65136-4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Frederieke J. Kroon ◽

Carine D. Lefèvre ◽

Jason R. Doyle ◽

Frances Patel ◽

Grant Milton ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coral Reef ◽

Reef Fish ◽

Fish Species ◽

Coral Reef Fish ◽

Coral Cover ◽

Fish Predation ◽

Reef Fishes ◽

Positive Control ◽

Gut Contents ◽

Reef Fish Species

Abstract The corallivorous Crown-of-Thorns Starfish (CoTS, Acanthaster spp.) has been linked with the widespread loss of scleractinian coral cover on Indo-Pacific reefs during periodic population outbreaks. Here, we re-examine CoTS consumption by coral reef fish species by using new DNA technologies to detect Pacific Crown-of-Thorns Starfish (Acanthaster cf. solaris) in fish faecal and gut content samples. CoTS DNA was detected in samples from 18 different coral reef fish species collected on reefs at various stages of CoTS outbreaks in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, nine of which had not been previously reported to feed on CoTS. A comprehensive set of negative and positive control samples confirmed that our collection, processing and analysis procedures were robust, although food web transfer of CoTS DNA cannot be ruled out for some fish species. Our results, combined with the (i) presence of CoTS spines in some samples, (ii) reported predation on CoTS gametes, larvae and settled individuals, and (iii) known diet information for fish species examined, strongly indicate that direct fish predation on CoTS may well be more common than is currently appreciated. We provide recommendations for specific management approaches to enhance predation on CoTS by coral reef fishes, and to support the mitigation of CoTS outbreaks and reverse declines in hard coral cover.

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Role of predators in the early post-settlement demography of coral-reef fishes

Oecologia ◽

10.1007/s00442-001-0860-x ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 131 (1) ◽

pp. 52-60 ◽

Cited By ~ 68

Author(s):

Michael S. Webster

Keyword(s):

Coral Reef ◽

Reef Fishes ◽

Coral Reef Fishes

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Olfactory responses of coral-reef fishes to coral degradation and crown-of-thorns (Acanthaster planci)

Marine and Freshwater Research ◽

10.1071/mf14424 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 67 (5) ◽

pp. 605 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Amy G. Coppock ◽

Naomi M. Gardiner ◽

Geoffrey P. Jones

Keyword(s):

Coral Reef ◽

Reef Fish ◽

Chemical Cues ◽

Fish Assemblages ◽

Reef Fishes ◽

Live Coral ◽

Acanthaster Planci ◽

Olfactory Responses ◽

Olfactory Stimuli ◽

Coral Reef Ecosystems

Coral degradation is a major threat towards the biodiversity of coral-reef ecosystems, either through the physical effects of environmental change, or biological agents such as crown-of-thorns (Acanthaster planci). Coral loss is leading to significant declines in reef-fish assemblages, particularly those dependent on live coral as settlement sites. Most reef fishes use olfactory stimuli at settlement; however, their ability to detect chemical stimuli from degraded corals or A. planci is unknown. Here, olfactory responses of juvenile reef fishes to the presence of stressed corals and A. planci were tested. Juveniles of eight common coral-associated species were subjected to a series of pair-wise choice tests, where the period of time spent in two differing water sources was noted. All species demonstrated a significant attraction towards healthy coral (≥76%), avoiding cues emitted by stressed coral colonies. When given the choice between a control water (untreated reef water) and water containing chemical cues from A. planci, most species elicited no response. Finally, when given the choice between chemical cues derived from feeding A. planci or the control, all species avoided A. planci (≥70%). Our results indicated that juvenile reef fish are capable of distinguishing the state of coral health, but not directly from disturbance agents.

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