scholarly journals Prevalence of Vitamin B12 Deficiency and its Associated Factors among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Metformin from a District in Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-168
Author(s):  
Gayathri Devi Krishnan ◽  
◽  
Miza Hiryanti Zakaria ◽  
Norhayati Yahaya
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Vitamin B12 Deficiency ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
B12 Deficiency ◽  
Malay Population

Introduction. Vitamin B12 deficiency is more common among metformin-treated subjects although the prevalence is variable. Many factors have been associated with this. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency and its associated factors among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) who are on metformin. Methodology. A total of 205 patients who fit eligibility criteria were included in the study. A questionnaire was completed, and blood was drawn to study vitamin B12 levels. Vitamin B12 deficiency was defined as serum B12 level of ≤300 pg/mL (221 pmol/L). Results. The prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency among metformin-treated patients with type 2 DM patients was 28.3% (n=58). The median vitamin B12 level was 419 (±257 ) pg/mL. The non-Malay population was at a higher risk for metformin-associated vitamin B12 deficiency [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 3.86, 95% CI: 1.836 to 8.104, p<0.001]. Duration of metformin use of more than five years showed increased risk for metformin-associated vitamin B12 deficiency (adjusted OR 2.06, 95% CI: 1.003 to 4.227, p=0.049). Conclusion. Our study suggests that the prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus on metformin in our population is substantial. This is more frequent among the non-Malay population and those who have been on metformin for more than five years.

576-P: Prevalence of Vitamin B12 Deficiency and Clinical Neuropathy with Metformin Use in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Diabetes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 576-P
Author(s):  
VEERAPPA KOTHIWALE ◽  
NAHUSH D. CHAFEKAR ◽  
PRAKASH BABALICHE ◽  
NIKHIL A. CHOUGULE
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Vitamin B12 Deficiency ◽  
B12 Deficiency

scholarly journals Défice de Vitamina B12 na Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 719
Author(s):  
Carlos Tavares Bello ◽  
Ricardo Miguel Capitão ◽  
João Sequeira Duarte ◽  
Jorge Azinheira ◽  
Carlos Vasconcelos
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Vitamin B12 Deficiency ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
B12 Deficiency ◽  
Diabetic Population

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a common disease, affecting up to 13.1% of the Portuguese population. In addition to the known micro and macrovascular complications, drug side effects constitute a major concern, leading to changes in the treatment guidelines, which favor safety over efficacy. Metformin is the first-line pharmacological treatment for most patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus; however, it has been associated with vitamin B12 deficiency in up to 30% of treated patients. The authors describe the prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency in a diabetic population and explore the possible underlying factors.Material and Methods: Retrospective, observational study. Clinical and laboratory data of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients whose vitamin B12 status was evaluated in the last decade (2005 - 2016) were analyzed. Patients with known malabsorptive syndromes or having undergone bariatric surgery were excluded from the study. Statistical analysis of the data was done and the results were considered statistically significant at p values < 0.05.Results: The study included a total of 1007 patients (58% women) with a mean age of 66.4 ± 12.2 years and 11 ± 10.4 years of type 2 diabetes mellitus duration. These patients had a high prevalence of complications: diabetic renal disease 47.7%, neuropathy 9.2%, retinopathy 14.9%, coronary artery disease 8.4%, cerebrovascular disease 10.9%, and peripheral arterial disease 5.5%. Vitamin B12 deficiency (< 174 ng / dL) was present in 21.4% of the population and this subgroup was older (68.4 vs 65.8 years, p = 0.006), had a longer type 2 diabetes mellitus duration (13.35 vs 10.36 years; p = 0.001), higher prevalence of retinopathy (20.9% vs 13.3%; p = 0.005) and thyroid dysfunction (34% vs 23.7%; p = 0.002). Vitamin B12 deficiency was also more frequent in patients treated with metformin (24.7% vs 15.8%; p = 0.017), antiplatelet agents (25.4% vs 16.2%, p < 0.001), and calcium channel blockers (26.8% vs 18.2%; p = 0.001). After adjustment for possible confounders, the variables associated with B12 deficiency were: metformin, hypothyroidism, age and type 2 diabetes mellitus duration.Discussion: Despite the retrospective design, the results report a high prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency in the type 2 diabetic population. This study also demonstrates that the B12 deficiency risk is higher in older people, with longer diabetes mellitus duration, hypothyroidism and treated with metformin.Conclusion: Further studies are needed to identify the risk factors for the B12 deficit. The recognition of these variables will contribute to optimize the screening and prevention of the B12 deficiency in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Metformin Induced Vitamin B12 Deficiency among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
Viswa Viswa S ◽  
Sivasakthi Sivasakthi K ◽  
Monitta Robinson D ◽  
Hariharan Hariharan V
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Vitamin B12 Deficiency ◽  
B12 Deficiency

scholarly journals Metformin and Vitamin B12 Deficiency: Where Do We Stand?

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwan Awad Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Vitamin B12 Deficiency ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
B12 Deficiency ◽  
Diagnostic Approaches

The association between metformin use and low vitamin B12 levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients is well-established. However, many aspects of the topic remain to be elucidated. There is still controversy on the current diagnostic approaches to vitamin B12 deficiency. It is now believed that measuring the serum levels of the vitamin may not reflect its metabolic status. Moreover, there were conflicting results from studies attempting to quantify and explore metformin-associated vitamin B12 deficiency and its clinical impacts. This article reviews the cellular functions of vitamin B12, the biomarkers utilized to define the vitamin deficiency and metformin-induced vitamin B12 deficiency with an emphasis on its prevalence and clinical impacts. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.

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