scholarly journals Anaerobic Degradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons at a Creosote-Contaminated Superfund Site and the Significance of Increased Methane Production in an Organophilic Clay Sediment Cap

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiara Smith
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Anaerobic Degradation ◽  
Superfund Site ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Organophilic Clay ◽  
Clay Sediment

scholarly journals Cement-Based Solidification/Stabilization of Soil Contaminated by Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Using Organophilic Clay

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nima Heidarzadeh ◽  
M. Jebeli ◽  
S. Gitipour
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Organophilic Clay

Abstract The solidification/stabilization (S/S) method is the most widely used to remediate all types of inorganic pollutants, which has not been developed for organic matters. In this research, the application of cement and organophilic clay (OC) was investigated for the S/S of contaminated soil by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Pyrene, Acenaphthene, Benzo[a]Pyrene, and Benz[a]Anthracene were spiked in a soil specimen. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) indicated that OC has a considerable ability to absorb PAHs in its inter-laminar molecular spaces, unlike ordinary bentonite. Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) results showed that application of OC increased PAHs' removal efficiency from contaminated soil up to 80% on average compared to the use of cement only. Samples containing 30% cement and 30% OC with a 14-day curing time had the best removal efficiency. Also, the removal efficiency of heavier PAHs was lower than the lighter ones. Additionally, unconfined compressive strength (UCS) showed a linear descending by increasing OC's proportion. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis indicated that two reasons have effectively increased the PAHs' removal efficiency of solid samples: a) increasing the amount of OC that increases the PAHs absorption capacity, b) reducing the size of pores in the matrix reduces the pollutant leaching.

Anaerobic Degradation of Benzene and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 92-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rainer U. Meckenstock ◽  
Matthias Boll ◽  
Housna Mouttaki ◽  
Janina S. Koelschbach ◽  
Paola Cunha Tarouco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Anaerobic Degradation ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Degradation Pathways ◽  
Batch Cultures ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Biochemical Level ◽  
Microcosm Studies

Aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are very slowly degraded without molecular oxygen. Here, we review the recent advances in the elucidation of the first known degradation pathways of these environmental hazards. Anaerobic degradation of benzene and PAHs has been successfully documented in the environment by metabolite analysis, compound-specific isotope analysis and microcosm studies. Subsequently, also enrichments and pure cultures were obtained that anaerobically degrade benzene, naphthalene or methylnaphthalene, and even phenanthrene, the largest PAH currently known to be degradable under anoxic conditions. Although such cultures grow very slowly, with doubling times of around 2 weeks, and produce only very little biomass in batch cultures, successful proteogenomic, transcriptomic and biochemical studies revealed novel degradation pathways with exciting biochemical reactions such as for example the carboxylation of naphthalene or the ATP-independent reduction of naphthoyl-coenzyme A. The elucidation of the first anaerobic degradation pathways of naphthalene and methylnaphthalene at the genetic and biochemical level now opens the door to studying the anaerobic metabolism and ecology of anaerobic PAH degraders. This will contribute to assessing the fate of one of the most important contaminant classes in anoxic sediments and aquifers.

scholarly journals Anaerobic degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rainer U Meckenstock ◽  
Michael Safinowski ◽  
Christian Griebler
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Anaerobic Degradation ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic
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