Length Variation in Age-0 Westslope Cutthroat Trout at Multiple Spatial Scales

Abstract This study aims at defining a methodology to evaluate Ks reductions of gravel material constituting constructed wetland (CW) bed matrices. Several schemes and equations for the Lefranc's test were compared by using different gravel sizes and at multiple spatial scales. The falling-head test method was implemented by using two steel permeameters: one impervious (IMP) and one pervious (P) on one side. At laboratory scale, mean K values for a small size gravel (8–15 × 10−2 m) measured by the IMP and the P permeameters were equal to 19,466 m/d and 30,662 m/d, respectively. Mean Ks values for a big size gravel (10–25 × 10−2 m) measured by the IMP and the P permeameters were equal to 12,135 m/d and 20,866 m/d, respectively. Comparison of Ks values obtained by the two permeameters at laboratory scale as well as a sensitivity analysis and a calibration, lead to the modification of the standpipe equation, to evaluate also the temporal variation of the horizontal Ks. In particular, both permeameters allow the evaluation of the Ks decreasing after 4 years-operation and 1–1.5 years' operation of the plants at full scale (filled with the small size gravel) and at pilot scale (filled with the big size gravel), respectively.

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FORMULATION OF THE HEAT CONDUCTION EQUATION FOR HETEROGENEOUS MEDIA WITH MULTIPLE SPATIAL SCALES USING REITERATED HOMOGENIZATION

Revista de Engenharia Térmica ◽

10.5380/reterm.v15i1.62165 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 96

Author(s):

E. Iglesias-Rodríguez ◽

M. E. Cruz ◽

J. Bravo-Castillero ◽

R. Guinovart-Díaz ◽

R. Rodríguez-Ramos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Conduction ◽

Small Parameter ◽

Heat Conduction Equation ◽

Heterogeneous Media ◽

Spatial Scales ◽

Conduction Equation ◽

Small Scale ◽

Multiple Spatial Scales ◽

Effective Coefficients ◽

Reiterated Homogenization

Heterogeneous media with multiple spatial scales are finding increased importance in engineering. An example might be a large scale, otherwise homogeneous medium filled with dispersed small-scale particles that form aggregate structures at an intermediate scale. The objective in this paper is to formulate the strong-form Fourier heat conduction equation for such media using the method of reiterated homogenization. The phases are assumed to have a perfect thermal contact at the interface. The ratio of two successive length scales of the medium is a constant small parameter ε. The method is an up-scaling procedure that writes the temperature field as an asymptotic multiple-scale expansion in powers of the small parameter ε . The technique leads to two pairs of local and homogenized equations, linked by effective coefficients. In this manner the medium behavior at the smallest scales is seen to affect the macroscale behavior, which is the main interest in engineering. To facilitate the physical understanding of the formulation, an analytical solution is obtained for the heat conduction equation in a functionally graded material (FGM). The approach presented here may serve as a basis for future efforts to numerically compute effective properties of heterogeneous media with multiple spatial scales.

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Applying systematic conservation planning to improve the allocation of restoration actions at multiple spatial scales

Restoration Ecology ◽

10.1111/rec.13403 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ben L. Gilby ◽

Andrew D. Olds ◽

Christopher J. Brown ◽

Rod M. Connolly ◽

Christopher J. Henderson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Conservation Planning ◽

Spatial Scales ◽

Systematic Conservation Planning ◽

Multiple Spatial Scales

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Assessing habitat selection by foraging egrets in salt marshes at multiple spatial scales

Wetlands ◽

10.1672/0277-5212(2006)26[307:ahsbfe]2.0.co;2 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 307-312 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Carol Lynn Trocki ◽

Peter W. C. Paton

Keyword(s):

Habitat Selection ◽

Salt Marshes ◽

Spatial Scales ◽

Multiple Spatial Scales

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Probabilistic associative learning of vessel motion patterns at multiple spatial scales for maritime situation awareness

2007 10th International Conference on Information Fusion ◽

10.1109/icif.2007.4408127 ◽

2007 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Bradley J. Rhodes ◽

Neil A. Bomberger ◽

Majid Zandipour

Keyword(s):

Associative Learning ◽

Situation Awareness ◽

Spatial Scales ◽

Motion Patterns ◽

Multiple Spatial Scales ◽

Vessel Motion

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Natural and anthropogenic factors as possible drivers of variability in rocky shore assemblages at multiple spatial scales

Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science ◽

10.1016/j.ecss.2021.107577 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 107577

Author(s):

Ivan Monclaro Carneiro ◽

Iacopo Bertocci ◽

Paulo César de Paiva ◽

Maria Teresa Menezes de Széchy

Keyword(s):

Rocky Shore ◽

Spatial Scales ◽

Anthropogenic Factors ◽

Multiple Spatial Scales ◽

Natural And Anthropogenic Factors

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Metabolic performance and thermal preference of Westslope Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi and non-native trout across an ecologically relevant range of temperatures

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1139/cjfas-2020-0173 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Camille J. Macnaughton ◽

Travis C. Durhack ◽

Neil J. Mochnacz ◽

Eva C. Enders

Keyword(s):

Brook Trout ◽

Cold Water ◽

Cutthroat Trout ◽

Intermittent Flow ◽

Performance Curve ◽

Westslope Cutthroat Trout ◽

Oncorhynchus Clarkii ◽

Thermal Niche ◽

Preferred Temperatures ◽

Metabolic Performance

The physiology and behaviour of fish are strongly affected by ambient water temperature. Physiological traits related to metabolism, such as aerobic scope (AS), can be measured across temperature gradients and the resulting performance curve reflects the thermal niche that fish can occupy. We measured AS of Westslope Cutthroat Trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi) at 5, 10, 15, 20, and 22°C and compared temperature preference (Tpref) of the species to non-native Brook Trout, Brown Trout, and Rainbow Trout. Intermittent-flow respirometry experiments demonstrated that metabolic performance of Westslope Cutthroat Trout was optimal at ~15 °C and decreased substantially beyond this temperature, until lethal temperatures at ~25 °C. Adjusted preferred temperatures across species (Tpref) were comparatively high, ranging from 17.8-19.9 °C, with the highest Tpref observed for Westslope Cutthroat Trout. Results suggest that although Westslope Cutthroat Trout is considered a cold-water species, they do not prefer or perform as well in cold water (≤ 10°C), thus, can occupy a warmer thermal niche than previously thought. The metabolic performance curve (AS) can be used to develop species‐specific thermal criteria to delineate important thermal habitats and guide conservation and recovery actions for Westslope Cutthroat Trout.

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