scholarly journals THE ACTUAL VALUES OF SOME PARAMETERS OF THE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE DURING THE VARIOUS MODES OF VEHICLE OPERATION

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (02) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Denis Alexandrovich Chemezov ◽  
◽  
Oleg Viktorovich Gorbatenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Vehicle Operation

scholarly journals Estimation of CO2 Emissions of Internal Combustion Engine Vehicle and Battery Electric Vehicle Using LCA

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryuji Kawamoto ◽  
Hideo Mochizuki ◽  
Yoshihisa Moriguchi ◽  
Takahiro Nakano ◽  
Masayuki Motohashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Vehicle Operation

In order to reduce vehicle emitted greenhouse gases (GHGs) on a global scale, the scope of consideration should be expanded to include the manufacturing, fuel extraction, refinement, power generation, and end-of-life phases of a vehicle, in addition to the actual operational phase. In this paper, the CO2 emissions of conventional gasoline and diesel internal combustion engine vehicles (ICV) were compared with mainstream alternative powertrain technologies, namely battery electric vehicles (BEV), using life-cycle assessment (LCA). In most of the current studies, CO2 emissions were calculated assuming that the region where the vehicles were used, the lifetime driving distance in that region and the CO2 emission from the battery production were fixed. However, in this paper, the life cycle CO2 emissions in each region were calculated taking into consideration the vehicle’s lifetime driving distance in each region and the deviations in CO2 emissions for battery production. For this paper, the US, European Union (EU), Japan, China, and Australia were selected as the reference regions for vehicle operation. The calculated results showed that CO2 emission from the assembly of BEV was larger than that of ICV due to the added CO2 emissions from battery production. However, in regions where renewable energy sources and low CO2 emitting forms of electric power generation are widely used, as vehicle lifetime driving distance increase, the total operating CO2 emissions of BEV become less than that of ICV. But for BEV, the CO2 emissions for replacing the battery with a new one should be added when the lifetime driving distance is over 160,000 km. Moreover, it was shown that the life cycle CO2 emission of ICV was apt to be smaller than that of BEV when the CO2 emissions for battery production were very large.

scholarly journals Influence of Different Allocation Methods for Recycling and Dynamic Inventory on CO2 Savings and Payback Times of Light-Weighted Vehicles Computed under Product- and Fleet-Based Analyses: A Case of Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 13935
Author(s):  
Pasan Dunuwila ◽  
Ko Hamada ◽  
Kentaro Takeyama ◽  
Daryna Panasiuk ◽  
Takeo Hoshino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Electricity Grid ◽  
Vehicle Operation ◽  
Payback Time ◽  
Salient Factor ◽  
Allocation Methods

Light weighting by material substitution is a key to reducing GHG emissions during vehicle operation. The GHG benefits are a salient factor in selecting lightweight materials for vehicles. Although the literature has performed lightweight material selections using GHG benefits under product- and fleet-based life-cycle inventory (LCI) analyses, recycling effects have therein been accounted for by arbitrarily selecting allocation methods for recycling, as the consensus on their selection is absent. Furthermore, studies have mistreated the temporal variations of the LCI parameters (the dynamic inventory (DI)), though that could be an important factor affecting the overall LCI results when allocation methods for recycling are in place. Therefore, to investigate their influence on greenhouse gas (GHG) benefit evaluations, an LCI case study was conducted, centered on aluminum- and magnesium-substituted internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) at the product- and fleet- levels. “CO2 savings” and the “CO2 payback time”, as well as four allocation methods for recycling, were considered to represent the GHG benefits and address the recycling effects, respectively. The dynamic inventory was based on the world average electricity grid mix change. The results indicate that changing the conditions of the DI and the allocation methods for recycling could alter the better performing material under fleet-based analyses. Therefore, we ascertained that the choice of the allocation method for recycling and conducting fleet-scale dynamic LCI analyses in the presence of the DI is pivotal for material selections.

АКУСТИЧНА ПОМІТНІСТЬ БЕЗПІЛОТНИХ ЛІТАЛЬНИХ АПАРАТІВ З СИЛОВИМИ УСТАНОВКАМИ НА БАЗІ ПОРШНЕВИХ ДВИГУНІВ

2020 ◽  
pp. 62-80
Author(s):  
В. В. Руденко ◽  
И. В. Калужинов ◽  
Н. А. Андрущенко
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Detection Range ◽  
Acoustic Signature ◽  
Static Conditions

The presence in operation of many prototypes of UAVs with propeller propellers, the use of such devices at relatively low altitudes and flight speeds makes the problem of noise reduction from UAVs urgent both from the point of view of acoustic imperceptibility and ecology.The aim of the work is to determine a set of methods that help to reduce the visibility of UAVs in the acoustic range. It is shown that the main source of noise from the UAV on the ground is the power plant, which includes the engine and the propeller. The parameters of the power plants influencing the processes that determine the acoustic signature of the UAV were investigated. A comprehensive analysis of the factors affecting visibility was carried out. The power plants include two-stroke and four-stroke engines, internal combustion and two-blade propellers. The use of silencers on the exhaust of the internal combustion engine was considered. The spectral characteristics of the acoustic fields of the propeller-driven power plants for the operating sample of the UAV "Eco" were obtained. The measurements were carried out in one-third octave and 1/48 octave frequency bands under static conditions. The venue is the KhAI airfield. Note that the propellers that were part of the power plants operated at Reynolds numbers (Re0,75<2*105), which can significantly affect its aerodynamic and acoustic characteristics. It is shown that when choosing a UAV control system, one should take into account the fact that two-stroke piston engines are the dominant source in the noise of propeller-driven control systems in the absence of a hood and mufflers in the intake and exhaust tracts. The use of a four-stroke internal combustion engine significantly reduces the noise of the control system. In the general case, the position of the boundaries of the zone of acoustic visibility of a UAV at the location of the observer is determined by the ratio between the intensity of acoustic radiation perceived by the observer from the UAV and the intensity of sound corresponding to the natural acoustic background and depends on the degree of manifestation of acoustic effects accompanying the propagation of sound in a turbulent atmosphere - the refraction of sound waves. Absorption and dissipation of acoustic energy. The calculation and comparison of the UAV detection range was carried out taking into account the existing natural maskers.The results of experimental studies are presented that allow assessing the degree of acoustic signature of the UAV. A set of measures aimed at reducing the intensity of the acoustic signature of the UAV in various regions of the radiation spectrum has been determined.

CONVERTING THE VEHICLE BY REPLACING THE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

2019 ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Gryshchuk ◽  
Volodymyr Hladchenko ◽  
Uriy Overchenko
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Motor ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Sales Forecasts ◽  
Financial Investments ◽  
Near Future

This article looks at some comparative statistics on the development and use of electric vehicles (hereinafter referred to as EM) as an example of sales and future sales forecasts for EM in countries that focus on environmental conservation. Examples of financial investments already underway and to be made in the near future by the largest automakers in the development and distribution of EM in the world are given. Steps are taken to improve the environmental situation in countries (for example, the prohibition of entry into the city center), the scientific and applied problem of improving the energy efficiency and environmental safety of the operation of wheeled vehicles (hereinafter referred to as the CTE). The basic and more widespread schemes of conversion of the internal combustion engine car (hereinafter -ICE) to the electric motor car (by replacing the gasoline or diesel electric motor), as well as the main requirements that must be observed for the safe use and operation of the electric vehicle. The problem is solved by justifying the feasibility of re-equipment of the KTZ by replacing the internal combustion engine with an electric motor. On the basis of the statistics collected by the State Automobile Transit Research Institute on the number of issued conclusions of scientific and technical expertise regarding the approval of the possibility of conversion of a car with an internal combustion engine (gasoline or diesel) to a car with an electric motor (electric vehicle), the conclusions on the feasibility of such conclusion were made. Keywords: electricvehicles, ecological safety, electricmotor, statistics provided, car, vehicle by replacing.

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