Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in advanced head and neck cancer

BACKGROUND: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy performed as proposed by Gauderer et al. in 1980, has been used quite frequently in patients with head and neck tumors. Some authors believe that this so-called pull technique would be associated to the risk of a tumor implantation in the wound as well as high levels of peristomal wound infection. Although some alternative techniques provide better results, doubts about their technical applicability in daily practice still persists. AIM: To assess the feasibility, safety and morbidity of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy performed through a well-defined and standardized technique in patients with nonresectable or advanced head and neck cancer. METHODS: A consecutive series of patients who had either nonresectable or advanced tumors and were unable to be fed orally were submitted to an oncologic-hospital-based tertiary-referral endoscopy practice. Tubes were implanted through an introducer technique comprised of two main stages. The first consisted of the application of two stitches aiming to fixate the anterior gastric wall to the abdominal wall, and the second being the inserting of the gastrostomy tube. RESULTS: Between February 2003 and May 2004, 129 percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomies were performed. This study included 60 patients. They were all able to receive food on the same day. Operative morbidity was observed in six patients (10%) and one procedure-related mortality was also observed (1.6%). CONCLUSION: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy is both feasible and safe, associated to low morbidity, and to acceptable mortality rates.