Treatment of varroa mites with formic acid and thymol in Africanized honey bee colonies in Costa Rica

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael A. Calderon Fallas
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Africanized Honey Bee ◽  
Varroa Mites ◽  
Bee Colonies

Presence ofNosema ceranaein Africanized honey bee colonies in Costa Rica

2008 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 328-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael A. Calderón ◽  
Luis A. Sanchez ◽  
Orlando Yañez ◽  
Natalia Fallas
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Africanized Honey Bee ◽  
Bee Colonies

Effects of release pattern and room ventilation on survival of varroa mites and queens during indoor winter fumigation of honey bee colonies with formic acid

2007 ◽  
Vol 139 (6) ◽  
pp. 881-893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robyn M. Underwood ◽  
Robert W. Currie
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Ventilation Rate ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Release Pattern ◽  
Room Ventilation ◽  
Variable Ventilation ◽  
Varroa Mites ◽  
Bee Colonies ◽  
Air Concentrations

AbstractThis study examined the effects of indoor fumigation with formic acid on survival of honey bee, Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae), queens and varroa mites (Varroa destructor Anderson and Trueman (Acari: Varroidae)). A relationship between cumulative formic acid concentration and varroa mite mortality was established for colonies subjected to high-concentration fumigation while held indoors at 2–4 °C during winter. We also examined the effects of the formic acid release pattern and room ventilation rate on queen loss and treatment efficacy during fumigation. Two experiments were conducted in a wintering building. In both experiments, room air had higher formic acid concentrations than hive air. In experiment 1, 50% and 95% of mites were killed when exposed to in-hive concentration × time combinations of 49 ppm × days (CT50 product) and 111 ppm × days (CT95 product), respectively. No queen loss was observed under either the increasing-concentration or constant high concentration fumigation pattern. In experiment 2, 33% of queens were lost when minimum ventilation was used with room air concentrations of 57 ± 8 ppm (mean ± SE), whereas no queens were lost in controls or colonies exposed to room air concentrations of 27 ± 8 ppm with variable ventilation. Queen loss was associated with peak in-hive formic acid concentrations >20 ppm, but not with CT product, suggesting that queens are affected by acute rather than chronic exposure to formic acid. Formic acid fumigation significantly reduced the mean abundance of mites under both minimum- and variable-ventilation treatments.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial DNA Variation in Peruvian Honey Bee (Apis mellifera L.) Populations Using the tRNAleu-cox2 Intergenic Region

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 641
Author(s):  
Julio Chávez-Galarza ◽  
Ruth López-Montañez ◽  
Alejandra Jiménez ◽  
Rubén Ferro-Mauricio ◽  
Juan Oré ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Intergenic Region ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Dna Variation ◽  
Africanized Honey Bee ◽  
Dna Variations ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Bee Colonies

Mitochondrial DNA variations of Peruvian honey bee populations were surveyed by using the tRNAleu-cox2 intergenic region. Only two studies have characterized these populations, indicating the presence of Africanized honey bee colonies in different regions of Peru and varied levels of Africanization, but the current status of its genetic diversity is unknown. A total of 512 honey bee colonies were sampled from three regions to characterize them. Our results revealed the presence of European and African haplotypes: the African haplotypes identified belong to sub-lineage AI (13) and sub-lineage AIII (03), and the European haplotypes to lineages C (06) and M (02). Of 24 haplotypes identified, 15 new sequences are reported here (11 sub-lineage AI, 2 sub-lineage AIII, and 2 lineage M). Peruvian honey bee populations presented a higher proportion from African than European haplotypes. High proportions of African haplotype were reported for Piura and Junín, unlike Lima, which showed more European haplotypes from lineage C. Few colonies belonging to lineage M would represent accidental purchase or traces of the introduction into Peru in the 19th century.

scholarly journals An Economic Approach to Assess the Annual Stock in Beekeeping Farms: The Honey Bee Colony Inventory Tool

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 9258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Vercelli ◽  
Luca Croce ◽  
Teresina Mancuso
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bee ◽  
Climate Trend ◽  
Monetary Value ◽  
Bee Colony ◽  
Queen Replacement ◽  
Varroa Mites ◽  
Honey Bee Colony ◽  
Mite Infestations ◽  
Bee Colonies ◽  
Economic Size

For beekeepers, the beehive stock represents a fundamental means of ensuring the continuity of their activity, whether they are professionals or hobbyists. The evaluation of this asset for economic purposes requires knowledge of the rhythms and adaptations of honey bee colonies during the annual seasons. As in any breeding activity, it is necessary to establish the numerical and economic size of the species bred. Beekeepers are interested in this evaluation to monitor beehive stock. For keeping economic accounts of stock, a specific tool has been developed and proposed, here called the “Honey Bee Colony Inventory (HBCI)”. The HBCI can be used as either a final or preventive scheme to assess the numbers of honey bee colonies and nuclei, and the mortality rate, in order to calculate the monetary value. This tool allows the strength of honey bee colony stocks to be monitored, including fluctuations throughout the year, and will prove useful for determining solutions to maintain or increase how long stocks last. Data can be registered in countries such as Italy where the veterinary authorities request data on the stock owned and its variations. Due to widespread Varroa mite infestations, in recent years, beekeepers have experimented with a range of different biotechniques that have included queen caging as well as drone and total brood removal. To verify its effectiveness for gathering honey bee colony data, the HBCI was used in nine beekeeping farms applying different biotechniques to control Varroa mites: chemical treatment, total brood removal, queen caging and old queen replacement by royal cell insertion. The results are compared and discussed. Out of the nine farms, seven showed negative monetary value according to the HBCI, as expected, due to multiple factors such as the unfavorable climate trend of 2017 in the studied area. The positive aspect is that the application of this tool will allow farmers to monitor, manage and maintain their beehive stocks.

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