Early and Middle Triassic trends in diversity, evenness, and size of foraminifers on a carbonate platform in south China: implications for tempo and mode of biotic recovery from the end-Permian mass extinction

Paleobiology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan L. Payne ◽  
Mindi Summers ◽  
Brianna L. Rego ◽  
Demir Altiner ◽  
Jiayong Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South China ◽  
Mass Extinction ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Middle Triassic ◽  
Carbonate Platform ◽  
Early Triassic ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Recovery Pattern ◽  
Biotic Recovery ◽  
Permian Mass Extinction

Delayed biotic recovery from the end-Permian mass extinction has long been interpreted to result from environmental inhibition. Recently, evidence of more rapid recovery has begun to emerge, suggesting the role of environmental inhibition was previously overestimated. However, there have been few high-resolution taxonomic and ecological studies spanning the full Early and Middle Triassic recovery interval, leaving the precise pattern of recovery and underlying mechanisms poorly constrained. In this study, we document Early and Middle Triassic trends in taxonomic diversity, assemblage evenness, and size distribution of benthic foraminifers on an exceptionally exposed carbonate platform in south China. We observe gradual increases in all metrics through Early Triassic and earliest Middle Triassic time, with stable values reached early in the Anisian. There is little support in our data set for a substantial Early Triassic lag interval during the recovery of foraminifers or for a stepwise recovery pattern. The recovery pattern of foraminifers on the GBG corresponds well with available global data for this taxon and appears to parallel that of many benthic invertebrate clades. Early Triassic diversity increase in foraminifers was more gradual than in ammonoids and conodonts. However, foraminifers continued to increase in diversity, size, and evenness into Middle Triassic time, whereas diversity of ammonoids and conodonts declined. These contrasts suggest decoupling of recovery between benthic and pelagic environments; it is unclear whether these discrepancies reflect inherent contrasts in their evolutionary dynamics or the differential impact of Early Triassic ocean anoxia or associated environmental parameters on benthic ecosystems.

scholarly journals An Early Triassic sauropterygian and associated fauna from South China provide insights into Triassic ecosystem health

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Li ◽  
Jun Liu
Keyword(s):  
South China ◽  
Ecosystem Health ◽  
Middle Triassic ◽  
Carbonate Platform ◽  
Data Matrix ◽  
Early Triassic ◽  
Associated Fauna ◽  
Biotic Recovery ◽  
New Material ◽  
Prevailing View

AbstractThe timing and pattern of biotic recovery from the Permo-Triassic Mass Extinction remains elusive. Here we report new material of the Early Triassic sauropterygian Lariosaurus sanxiaensis and associated fauna from the Jialingjiang Formation in Hubei Province, South China. Phylogenetic analysis based on a novel data matrix of sauropterygians recognizes L. sanxiaensis as a basal nothosaur. Stratigraphic congruence analysis shows that the new phylogenetic consensus tree matches to the stratigraphic distribution of sauropterygians very well. The diversified reptilian fauna and inferred simple food web in the Nanzhang-Yuan’an fauna where L. sanxiaensis was discovered suggest that the Triassic biotic recovery adopted a top-down pattern, in contrast to the prevailing view. Comparison with the Middle Triassic Luoping biota from the same carbonate platform suggests that the Triassic biotic recovery is delayed and healthy ecosystems were not established until the Middle Triassic in South China.

Additional records of ichnogenus Rhizocorallium from the Lower and Middle Triassic, South China: Implications for biotic recovery after the end-Permian mass extinction

2018 ◽  
Vol 130 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 1197-1215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueqian Feng ◽  
Zhong-Qiang Chen ◽  
David J. Bottjer ◽  
Margaret L. Fraiser ◽  
Yan Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South China ◽  
Mass Extinction ◽  
Middle Triassic ◽  
Biotic Recovery ◽  
Permian Mass Extinction

A new faunistic component of the Lower Triassic Panchet Formation of India increases the continental non-archosauromorph neodiapsid record in the aftermath of the end-Permian mass extinction

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Martín D. Ezcurra ◽  
Saswati Bandyopadhyay ◽  
Kasturi Sen
Keyword(s):  
Mass Extinction ◽  
Lower Triassic ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Dorsal Margin ◽  
Early Triassic ◽  
Anterior Portion ◽  
Continental Deposits ◽  
Biotic Recovery ◽  
Patterns And Processes ◽  
Permian Mass Extinction

Abstract The fossil record of Early Triassic diapsids is very important to understand how the end-Permian mass extinction affected ecosystems and the patterns and processes involved in the subsequent biotic recovery. Vertebrate fossil assemblages of continental deposits in current-day South Africa, China, and Russia are the best source of information of this clade during the aftermath of the extinction event. Although considerably less sampled, the Induan continental rocks of the Panchet Formation of the Damodar Basin (eastern India) have also yielded a relatively diverse vertebrate assemblage composed of fishes, temnospondyls, synapsids, and a single proterosuchid taxon. Here, we report on a small isolated diapsid partial ilium (ISIR 1132) from the upper Panchet Formation. This specimen has a distinct morphology compared to other tetrapods that we know, including a shallow emargination on the dorsal margin of the anterior portion of the iliac blade, and ratio between height of iliac blade versus maximum height of iliac acetabulum at level of the dorsalmost extension of supraacetabular crest ≤0.45. Comparisons and a quantitative phylogenetic analysis found ISIR 1132 as a non-archosauromorph neodiapsid. This new specimen expands the reptile diversity in the Panchet Formation as well as for the rest of Gondwana, where Early Triassic non-archosauromorph neodiapsid species are extremely scarce.

Quantifying the process and abruptness of the end-Permian mass extinction

Paleobiology ◽  
10.1666/13022 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Wang ◽  
Peter M. Sadler ◽  
Shu-zhong Shen ◽  
Douglas H. Erwin ◽  
Yi-chun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Extinction ◽  
Statistical Treatment ◽  
Catastrophic Event ◽  
Optimal Sequence ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Meishan Section ◽  
Biotic Recovery ◽  
Biodiversity Pattern ◽  
Permian Mass Extinction ◽  
The Impact

Studies of the end-Permian mass extinction have suggested a variety of patterns from a single catastrophic event to multiple phases. But most of these analyses have been based on fossil distributions from single localities. Although single sections may simplify the interpretation of species diversity, they are susceptible to bias from stratigraphic incompleteness and facies control of preservation. Here we use a data set of 1450 species from 18 fossiliferous sections in different paleoenvironmental settings across South China and the northern peri-Gondwanan region, and integrate it with high-precision geochronologic data to evaluate the rapidity of the largest Phanerozoic mass extinction. To reduce the Signor-Lipps effect, we applied constrained optimization (CONOP) to search for an optimal sequence of first and last occurrence datums for all species and generate a composite biodiversity pattern based on multiple sections. This analysis indicates that an abrupt extinction of 62% of species took place within 200 Kyr. The onset of the sudden extinction is around 252.3 Ma, just below Bed 25 at the Meishan section. Taxon turnover and diversification rates suggest a deterioration of the living conditions nearly 1.2 Myr before the sudden extinction. The magnitude of the extinction was such that there was no immediate biotic recovery. Prior suggestions of highly variable, multi-phased extinction patterns reflect the impact of the Signor-Lipps effect and facies-dependent occurrences, and are not supported following appropriate statistical treatment of this larger data set.

scholarly journals The main stage of recovery after the end-Permian mass extinction: taxonomic rediversification and ecologic reorganization of marine level-bottom communities during the Middle Triassic

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11654
Author(s):  
Evelyn Friesenbichler ◽  
Michael Hautmann ◽  
Hugo Bucher
Keyword(s):  
Mass Extinction ◽  
Middle Triassic ◽  
Biotic Interactions ◽  
Trophic Relationships ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Early Triassic ◽  
Bottom Communities ◽  
Extinction Event ◽  
Mass Extinction Event ◽  
Permian Mass Extinction

The recovery of marine life from the end-Permian mass extinction event provides a test-case for biodiversification models in general, but few studies have addressed this episode in its full length and ecological context. This study analyses the recovery of marine level-bottom communities from the end-Permian mass extinction event over a period of 15 Ma, with a main focus on the previously neglected main phase during the Middle Triassic. Our analyses are based on faunas from 37 lithological units representing different environmental settings, ranging from lagoons to inner, mid- and outer ramps. Our dataset comprises 1562 species, which belong to 13 higher taxa and 12 ecological guilds. The diversification pattern of most taxa and guilds shows an initial Early Triassic lag phase that is followed by a hyperbolic diversity increase during the Bithynian (early middle Anisian) and became damped later in the Middle Triassic. The hyperbolic diversity increase is not predicted by models that suggest environmental causes for the initial lag phase. We therefore advocate a model in which diversification is primarily driven by the intensity of biotic interactions. Accordingly, the Early Triassic lag phase represents the time when the reduced species richness in the wake of the end-Permian mass extinction was insufficient for stimulating major diversifications, whereas the Anisian main diversification event started when self-accelerating processes became effective and stopped when niche-crowding prevented further diversification. Biotic interactions that might drive this pattern include interspecific competition but also habitat construction, ecosystem engineering and new options for trophic relationships. The latter factors are discussed in the context of the resurgence of large carbonate platforms, which occurred simultaneously with the diversification of benthic communities. These did not only provide new hardground habitats for a variety of epifaunal taxa, but also new options for grazing gastropods that supposedly fed from microalgae growing on dasycladaceans and other macroalgae. Whereas we do not claim that changing environmental conditions were generally unimportant for the recovery of marine level-bottom communities, we note that their actual role can only be assessed when tested against predictions of the biotic model.

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