scholarly journals Determination of thrips (Thysanoptera) fauna on stone and pome fruit trees in Balıkesir Province, Turkey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Başak ÇİNKUL
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Pome Fruit

scholarly journals Carbohydrate utilization of Erwinia amylovora in vitro

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hevesi ◽  
A. Farkas ◽  
A. Kása ◽  
Zs. Orosz-Kovács
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Content ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Sugar Concentration ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Pome Fruit ◽  
Carbohydrate Utilization ◽  
Free Moisture ◽  
High Concentrations

Nectar is a multi-component aqueous solution that promotes bacterial multiplication. The concentration of nectar in plant flowers is not stable since it is under the influence of environmental conditions, especially free moisture and relative humidity. Experiments were conducted with "artificial nectar" and directed along two lines: (1) determination of the optimal concentrations of carbohydrates for the growth of E. amylovora development (2) consumption of different carbohydrates besides basic sugars. Solutions of "artificial nectar" were prepared in different compositions by changing the dominance of basic sugars (fructose — glucose —sucrose) in proportions of 2:1:1, 1:2:1, 1:1:2 and between concentrations of 10-0.6% (diluted with Basal minimum broth) in order to determine optimal conditions for the development of E. amylovora. At a basic sugar concentration of 10% bacterial multiplication started and continued until I log degree (from 106 to 107 cfu/ml). At concentrations of 5% and 2,5 % cells developed with nearly the same kinetics (from 106 to 8x107 cfu/ml and from 106 to 9x107 cfu/ml, respectively). Multiplication was more pronounced and nearly the same at concentrations of 1.2 % and 0.6 % (from106 to 2x108 cfu/ml). At a basic sugar concentration 30% total sugars bacterial multiplication did not occur, while at 20 % it was negligible, not measurable photometrically. At minimal concentrations of F, G, S (between 1-0.1 %) bacterial cells were still able to multiply, producing organic acids from sugars. Our study showed that E. amylovora requires only a small amount of sugars (0.1%) for multiplication (acid production) while high concentrations inhibit multiplication. There was a negative correlation between sugar content and cell density. The optimal range of sugar concentration was at about 1%. Effect of "less frequent carbohydrates" to E. amylovora multiplication was also determined using the API 50 CH strip. We could provide information on utilization of 39 carbohydrates by the bacterium at different categories as follows: Not utilized-, Slowly and weakly utilized-, Slowly and completely utilized-, Quickly and completely utilized carbohydrates. We suppose that carbohydrates that belong to the latter two groups could play an important role as nectar components in promoting E. amylovora multiplication in the blossoms of pome fruit trees.

scholarly journals In Vitro Evaluation of Five Antimicrobial Peptides against the Plant Pathogen Erwinia amylovora

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 554
Author(s):  
Rafael J. Mendes ◽  
Laura Regalado ◽  
João P. Luz ◽  
Natália Tassi ◽  
Cátia Teixeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Erwinia Amylovora ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Membrane Permeabilization ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Minimal Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Pome Fruit

Fire blight is a major pome fruit trees disease that is caused by the quarantine phytopathogenic Erwinia amylovora, leading to major losses, namely, in pear and apple productions. Nevertheless, no effective sustainable control treatments and measures have yet been disclosed. In that regard, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been proposed as an alternative biomolecule against pathogens but some of those AMPs have yet to be tested against E. amylovora. In this study, the potential of five AMPs (RW-BP100, CA-M, 3.1, D4E1, and Dhvar-5) together with BP100, were assessed to control E. amylovora. Antibiograms, minimal inhibitory, and bactericidal concentrations (minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC), growth and IC50 were determined and membrane permeabilization capacity was evaluated by flow cytometry analysis and colony-forming units (CFUs) plate counting. For the tested AMPs, the higher inhibitory and bactericidal capacity was observed for RW-BP100 and CA-M (5 and 5–8 µM, respectively for both MIC and MBC), whilst for IC50 RW-BP100 presented higher efficiency (2.8 to 3.5 µM). Growth curves for the first concentrations bellow MIC showed that these AMPs delayed E. amylovora growth. Flow cytometry disclosed faster membrane permeabilization for CA-M. These results highlight the potential of RW-BP100 and CA-M AMPs as sustainable control measures against E. amylovora.

scholarly journals Integration of terrestrial laser scanning and spectral canopy scanner in horticulture applications

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Tamás ◽  
P. Riczu ◽  
A. Nagy ◽  
J. Nyéki ◽  
I. Gonda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Hail Net ◽  
Difficult Challenge ◽  
The University

One of the most difficult challenge in the everyday practice to describe the canopy growing of fruit trees in an orchard. The photosynthetic activity is the basic of the primer production of plants. The measurement of leaf area and determination of the photosynthetic activity could be occurred with some elaborated methods between experimental conditions. In this article we present such an integrated methodology, which is ideal to determine the geometric and spectral characteristic of fruit trees between field conditions.We have carried out laser scanning technology to investigate the geometric-topological characteristics and parallel the active infra-red sensor to collect spectral data about an apple orchard. The surveys were worked out in an intensive apple orchard with drip irrigation system, protected by hail net in Study and Regional Research Farm of the University of Debrecen near Pallag. This study shows the filtering and interpretation methods of created data. The produced high accuracy data can be directly used in the precision horticulture. It could serve as a guiding data to implementation a future “virtual horticulture”. Higher spatial and temporal resolution could help for a better recognition of water balance of orchards.

scholarly journals On-farm orchards of fruit trees

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. S65-S69
Author(s):  
F. Paprštein ◽  
J. Sedlák ◽  
V. Holubec
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
On Farm Conservation ◽  
Nursery Stock ◽  
Planting Materials ◽  
On Farm ◽  
The Given

Four on-farm plantations (KRNAP Vrchlabí, the Orchard of Reconciliation in Neratov, Podyjí National Park, and Šumava National Park) were successfully established in a traditional form, with large orchard trees on seedling rootstocks. Certain accessions (cultivars) for on-farm conservation in the given locality were selected, according to the incidence and presentation of genotypes in these particular areas. This information was obtained by localization of fruit trees <I>in situ </I>and the determination of certain cultivars. Nursery stock production for onfarm plantations is described. Because of the longevity of the plantation, seedling rootstocks were used for the production of planting materials for the on-farm plantations. Techniques of on-farm plantation establishment and orchard management are stated within the paper. Four established on-farm plantations have ensured the long-term preservation of landraces in their original areas.

scholarly journals Erwinia spp. from pome fruit trees: similarities and differences among pathogenic and non-pathogenic species

Trees ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Palacio-Bielsa ◽  
Montserrat Roselló ◽  
Pablo Llop ◽  
María M. López
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Pathogenic Species ◽  
Pome Fruit ◽  
Similarities And Differences

Viruses of pome fruit trees in Syria

EPPO Bulletin ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Ismaeil ◽  
K. Al-Jabor ◽  
A. Myrta ◽  
M. J. Mando ◽  
E. Al-Saadoun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Pome Fruit

scholarly journals Spray deposition profiles in pome fruit trees: Effects of sprayer design, training system and tree canopy characteristics

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 200-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashenafi T. Duga ◽  
Kris Ruysen ◽  
Donald Dekeyser ◽  
David Nuyttens ◽  
Dany Bylemans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spray Deposition ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Training System ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Pome Fruit
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