Barbara E. Borg: Roman Tombs and the Art of Commemoration. Contextual Approaches to Funerary Customs in the Second Century CE.

Gnomon ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 551-555
Author(s):  
Christof Berns
Keyword(s):  
Second Century ◽  
Funerary Customs

scholarly journals ИЗ ИСТОРИИ РАСКОПОК МАВЗОЛЕЯ АВГУСТА

2020 ◽  
pp. 151-158
Author(s):  
Андрей Юрьевич Маркелов
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Second Century ◽  
Classical Antiquity ◽  
Ancient Rome ◽  
Funerary Monuments ◽  
Cambridge University ◽  
Marcus Aurelius ◽  
P 16 ◽  
Original Application ◽  
Funerary Customs

В статье рассматривается история раскопок крупнейшей римской гробницы, а именно мавзолея императора Цезаря Августа. Основное внимание уделяется результатам недавних археологических работ и тому, как они повлияли на представление о памятнике. Гробница первого римского императора в пост-античную эпоху претерпела различные трансформации и неоднократные грабежи, в результате которых сильно пострадала. Памятнику находили практическое применение вплоть до 1930-х гг. За многовековую историю мавзолей использовали как каменоломню, крепость, которую не раз разрушали, виноградник, сад, амфитеатр для корриды, театр и концертный зал. Первые археологические работы на территории памятника проводились уже в XVI в. Именно с них начинается история исследования монумента и результаты, полученные тогда, до сих пор имеют большое значение для науки. На протяжении длительного времени после эпохи Ренессанса объект изучался только периодически, в связи с какими-либо строительными работами, проводившимися на его территории. Работы на памятнике активизируются с начала XX в. Масштабные раскопки состоялись в 1920-30-е гг. Их проведение диктовалось не научными целями: Бенито Муссолини стремился использовать римское наследие в своей пропаганде. Тем не менее, в результате проведенных работ мавзолей был не только освобожден от пост-античных наслоений, но полученные тогда результаты заложили современное представление о памятнике. Интерес к мавзолею возобновляется только через семьдесят лет. Непосредственным толчком было решение реконструировать мавзолей и площадь вокруг него. В результате раскопок, проведенных департаментом культурного наследия столицы Рима, были получены археологические данные, изменяющие взгляд на внешний облик монумента и позволяющие поставить точку в дискуссии по данному вопросу. Библиографические ссылки Agnoli N., Carnabuci E., Caruso G., Maria Loreti E. Il Mausoleo di Augusto. Recenti scavi e nuove ipotesi ricostruttive // Apoteosi. Da uomini a dei. Il Mausoleo di Adriano, Catalogo della Mostra / Eds. Abbondanza L., Coarelli F., Lo Sardo E. Roma: Munus, Palombi, 2014. P. 214–229. Albers J. Die letzte Ruhestätte des Augustus: Neue Forschungsergebnisse zum Augustusmausoleum // Antike Welt. 2014. №4. P. 16–24. Betti F. Il Mausoleo di Augusto. Metamorfosi di un monument // Mausoleo di Augusto. Demolizioni e scavi. Fotografi e 1928/1941 / Ed. F. Betti. Milano: Electa, 2011. P. 20–41. Borg B. Roman Tombs and the Art of Commemoration: Contextual Approaches to Funerary Customs in the Second Century CE. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2019. 368 p. Boschung D. Tumumuls Iuliorum – Mausoleum Augusti // Hefte des Archäologischen Seminars der Universität Bern. 1980. №6. S. 38–41. Buchner E. Ein Kanal für Obelisken vom Mausoleum des Augustus in Rom // Antike Welt. Vol. 27. №3. S. 161–168. Carnabucci E., Agnoli N., Maria Loreti E. Mausoleo di Augusto. 2012. URL: http://www.fastionline.org/excavation/micro_view.php?fst_cd=AIAC_2307&curcol=sea_cd-AIAC_4480. Дата обращения 30.05.2020 Coletti C.M., Naria Loreti E. Piazza Augusto Imperatore, excavations 2007–2011: the late antiquetransformations // MAAR. 2016. № 61. P. 304−325. Collini M. A., Ciglioli G.Q. Relazione della prima campagna di scavo nel Mausoleo di Augusto // BCom.1926. №54. Р. 191−237. Davies P.J.E. Death and the Emperor: Roman Funerary Monuments from Augustus to Marcus Aurelius. Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000. 256 p. Diebner S. Tombs and Funerary Monuments // A Companion to the Archaeology of the Roman Republic / Ed. J. DeRose Evans. Malden: Wiley-Blackwell, 2013. P. 67−80. Fugate Brangers S. L. Political Propaganda and Archaeology: The Mausoleum of Augustus in the Fascist Era // International Journal of Humanities and Social Science 2013. № 3. Р. 126–135. Fugate Brangers S. L. The mausoleum of Augustus: expanding meaning from its inception to present day. PhD diss. Louissville, 2007. 220 p. Gatti G. Nuove osservazioni sul Mausoleo di Augusto // L'Urbe 1938. № 3. P. 1–17. Giglioli, G.Q. and A. M. Colini. II Mausoleo d'Augusto. Milan and Rome: Bestetti e Tumminelli, 1930. 51 p. Hase Salto M. A. von «L'augusteo» Das Augustusmausoleum im Wandel der Geschichte // Antike Welt. 1997. № 28. S. 297–308. Hesberg H., Panciera S. Das Mausoleum des Augustus. Der Bau und seine Inschriften. München: Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1994. 199 p. Johnson M.J. The Mausoleum of Augustus: Etruscan and Other Infl uences on its Design // Etruscan Italy. Etruscan Infl uences on the Civilizations of Italy from Antiquity to the Modern Era / Ed. John F. Hall. Provo, 1996. P. 217–239. La Manna S., G. Caruso, Agnoli N., Carnabucci E., Loreti E., Documento preliminare alla progettazione. 2008 URL: http://sovraintendenzaroma.it/sites/default/fi les/storage/original/application/368fc32a188973a80557f3f49e3409f3.pdf. Дата обращения 28.05.2020. Lanciani R. Storia degli scavi di Roma e notize intorno le collezioni Romane di antichità. Vol. II. Roma: Ermanno Loescher&Co, 1903. 277 p. Lanciani R. The Ruins and Excavations of Ancient Rome. London: Mac Millan, 1897. 700 p. McFeaters, A. P. The Past Is How We Present It: Nationalism and Archaeology in Italy from Unifi cation to WWII // Nebraska Anthropologist. 2007. №33. P. 49–69. Mirabilia Romae e codicibus vaticanis emendate / G. Parthey (ed.). Berolini: in aedibus Frederici Nicolai, 1869. 85 p. Nash E. Pictorial Dictionary of Ancient Rome. Vol .I. London: A Zimmer Ltd., 1961. 532 p. Ortolani G. Ipotesi sulla struttura architettonica originaria del Mausoleo di Augusto // BCom. 2004. Vol. 105, P. 197–222. Parker J. Politics, Urbanism, and Archaeology in "Roma capitale": A Troubled Past and a Controversial Future // The American Journal of Archaeology. 1989. № 93. P. 137-141. Reeder J.C. Typology and Ideology in the Mausoleum of Augustus: Tumulus and Tholos // Classical Antiquity. 1992. № 11. P. 265–307. Riccomini A.M. La Ruina di si bela cosa. Vicende e transformationi del Mausoleo di Augusto. Milano: Electa, 1996. 202 p. Sovraintendenzaroma.it. URL: http://www.sovraintendenzaroma.it/i_luoghi/roma_antica/monumenti/mausoleo_di_augusto. Дата обращения 01.06.2020 Tittoni M.E. Introduzione // Il Mausoleo di Augusto. Metamorfosi di un monument Mausoleo di Augusto. Demolizioni e scavi. Fotografi e 1928/1941 / Ed. F. Betti. Milano: Electa, 2011. P. 11−14. Urbanistica.comune.roma.it. URL: http://www.urbanistica.comune.roma.it/citta-storica-mausoleoaugusto.html. Дата обращения 25.05.2020. Vögtle S. »ubi saepe sedebat Octavianus« Das Augustusmausoleum – Innen und Aussen eines imperialen Grabbaus // Das Marsfeld in Rom : Beiträge der Berner Tagung vom 23./24. November 2007 / Ed. J. Albers. Bern: Bern Studies in the History and Philosophy of Science, 2008. P. 63-78.

METODE QIYAS SEBAGAI LANDASAN EPISTEMOLOGI NAHWU

ALQALAM ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 213
Author(s):  
Nana Jumhana
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Second Century

Qiyas (analogy) is one of several methods which had been used by Arabic linguist since the first generation until those who lived in the second century of Hijriyah in formulating Arabic grammars next to Sama' (orally transmitted material). The formulation of the grammars was aimed at conservating Arabic from any kinds of inference, considering that it was not only a mere treasure of the Arab, but also language of Islam after the revelation of Alqur'an. As an ephistemological basis of Arabic synthax, Qiyas serves as an analogy to some eloquent saying of the ancient Arabs. In so doing, Qiyas consists of four components: 1) maqis 'alaih (the source to which one thing is comparred), 2) maqis (the respected object to be comparred), 3) 'illah (the similar aspectls the both share), and 4) hukm (the verdict in search). In terms of it's kind, linguists devide it into three kinds: 1) qiyas al' illah, 2) qiyas at-tard, and qiyas as-syibhi. Even though some linguists argue against the using of Qiyas in formulating grammars, particularly for it is not in line with sima', also for it is considered to be built on subjective rationalisation, Qiyas is of great significance in language theorizing. The significance of Qiyas is not limited to the products demonstrated by traditional linguists. It also applies to our time too, particularly in developing Arabic language in all of it's aspects. Keyword: Qiyas, Method, Taq id al-Nahwi, Mazhab Basrah, Mazhab Kufah

Scottish Home Rule: Entering the Second Century

1997 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-269
Author(s):  
David Millar
Keyword(s):  
Second Century ◽  
Home Rule

An Early Muṣḥaf According to the Reading of Ibn cĀmir

2001 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasin Dutton
Keyword(s):  
Second Century ◽  
Documentary Evidence ◽  
Positive Identification ◽  
Facsimile Edition

The recent publication of the facsimile edition of MS Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale, Arabe 328a has allowed general access to what is probably one of the oldest, and most important, Qur'an fragments in Europe. The text is unvocalised, but the large number of folios (fifty-six) means that there are enough consonantal variants present to enable a positive identification of the reading represented, which turns out to be that of the Syrian Ibn cĀmir (d. 118/736). This, in combination with the early “Ḥijāzī” script, suggests (a) that this muṣḥaf was copied in Syria, and (b) that this was done some time during the first or early second century AH. In other words, what we have here is almost definitely a muṣḥaf according to the Syrian reading, copied in Syria, at the time when the caliphate had its seat in Syria, i.e. during the Umayyad period. Thus the identification of this particular reading helps in ascertaining the date and provenance of this particular manuscript, as it also fleshes out with documentary evidence the information given in the qirāↄāt literature about this reading.

Archaeology, Historicity, and Homosexuality in the New Cultus of Antinous

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-259
Author(s):  
Ethan White
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Gay Men ◽  
Second Century ◽  
Roman Emperor ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

In the second century, the Roman Emperor Hadrian deified his male lover, Antinous, after the latter drowned in the Nile. Antinous’ worship was revived in the late twentieth century, primarily by gay men and other queer-identified individuals, with Antinous himself being recast as “the Gay God.”

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