The article presents data about the history of phlebology development in the period from XV to XX centuries – the key time of the establishment of medicine, the most important discoveries and breakthroughs. In the Middle ages the development of surgery, particularly in Europe, slowed considerably, due to the dominance of the Church and the introduction of various restrictions. However, the stagnation of the Middle ages gave way to the flowering of the Renaissance – a time of rapid development of art, science and technology. Gradually surgery were included in University education, and this marked the beginning of further improvement. XVII-XVIII centuries can be considered the time of completion of the empirical approach in surgery. In this period the development of phlebology has had a huge impact discoveries in physiology, histology, pathological anatomy and clinical medicine. A crucial period in medicine began XIX-XX centuries – asepsis and antisepsis, general and local anaesthesia, techniques of blood transfusion etc. was opened. The development of phlebology in this period was influenced by such scholars as Jerome Fabrizi, Ambroise Paré, Max Schede, Alexei Trojans, Friedrich Trendelenburg, Georg, Perthes, Albert Narath, William Wayne Babcock, Otto Wilhelm Madelung, Emil Theodor Kocher, etc. The article describes their contribution to the history of phlebology.
William Halsted and Theodor Kocher
