2022 IGWS calendar

The annual Indiana Geological and Water Survey calendar focuses on an area of Survey research, interest or history. The topic of the 2022 calendar is scientific illustrations. For nearly 50 years between them, two artist-draftsmen, Robert "Bob" Judah and Wilbur "Bill" Stalions, translated scientific concepts and research into a visual medium so that more people, including those without a scientific background, could understand the work of the Survey. This calendar contains scans of some original works which have been kept in Survey archives and have not been visible to the public, as well as previously published works from multiple decades.

Autism and Health Literacy in the Context of Angola

This chapter presents an approach to the scientific concepts on autism, diagnosis, and treatment criteria, as well as the assessment of knowledge on this subject and its relationship with the level of health literacy in the context of Angolan society. To substantiate the importance of health literacy, dimensions of access, understanding and use of health information, and decision making, an observational case study related to a research carried out in 2012 for the tracking of signs of autism is explored. The sample consisted of a group of 200 mothers of children and adolescents who were initially diagnosed with intellectual disabilities. This sample, for convenience, was selected from students who had previously been diagnosed with intellectual disabilities and attended a public school located in the municipality of Rangel, in the Province of Luanda, capital of Angola. The current stigma still exists about the disease.

An Ethnographic Study on Indigenous Shea Butter Extraction and the Use of the By-Products

Indigenous knowledge practices are locally based systems of knowledge, uniquely associated with a group of people in a cultural setting. These practices, which have evolved over time generally, denote a broad and collective consciousness of the people, including their nature, habitats and interpersonal relationships. Indeed, this knowledge concept sustains the lives of the people. They depend on it to navigate as well as assail their everyday experiences, including in particular those that serve as serious threats to their livelihood. The processes involved in Shea butter extraction exemplify a shared body of indigenous knowledge system noted with the people of Northern Ghana. Unfortunately, many people are oblivious of the existence of such Shea butter industry. Consequently, there is no way they can have knowledge of the by-products that emerge from the industry let alone appreciate their uses. This study aimed to address the prevailing ignorance and especially fill the extant knowledge gap concerning the by products of local Shea butter extraction and their indigenous uses. An ethnographic method was adopted whereby 5 women, engaged in the production of Shea-butter, were purposively sampled. Data emerged from 2 primary sources, namely participatory observation and interview. Cross-cutting issues were delineated from the captured data. These were transcribed, documented and content analysed along the cross-cutting issues. The findings revealed the processes involved in Shea butter extraction as parboiling, drying, grating, frying, pounding, milling and stirring. Besides, the by-products of the extraction process were identified as ‘kabala’, used for plastering walls and floor making, and then ‘kaamuni’, employed in the generation of heat, lighting and fire making. Scientific concepts suggested to account for the manner the by-products are used included cohesion, adhesion, friction and bonding. It was concluded that further research needed to be conducted to explain and confirm these suggested scientific concepts. Keywords: Indigenous knowledge, shea butter, shea nuts.

Scientific Study of Amish Tripathi's Novels

Amish Tripathi is a rising contempory writer. His passion towards Indian mythology inspired him to write about Hindu Mythology upon Hindu God and Goddesses. He is one of the best selling author in English literature, written about mythological stories. All the novels of Amish Tripathi are modernized in such a way that it can match with the interest of today's generation. His novels are about society, women, oppressed classed etc. Apart from these his novels are full in scientific techniques. There are so many scientific concepts in the novel 'Shiva Triology'. There are three parts in Shiva triology. The first part is the immortals of Melutra, the second part is the secret of the Nagas and the third part is the oath of vayuputras. The concept like Radiowaves, manufacture of somras, Divizian of cell etc. are scientifically explained in the novel Shiva triology.

THE CONCEPT AND PROBLEMS OF THE LEGAL NATURE OF CRIMINAL COMPLICITY

Статья посвящена исследованию природы соучастия в преступлении как самостоятельного института уголовного права. Признавая институт соучастия одним из дискуссионных в уголовно-правовой доктрине, авторы отмечают, что в настоящее время спорным является вопрос о юридической природе соучастия, решение которого имеет не только теоретическое, но и практическое значение, заключающееся в обосновании ответственности соучастников преступления при вынесении судебного приговора. Правовая природа соучастия в преступлении проявляется в том, что данный институт определяется нормами уголовного права и тем самым представляет собой особое уголовно-правовое явление, характеризующееся рядом существенных признаков. Основная функция института соучастия как уголовно-правового института заключается в обосновании уголовной ответственности лиц, оказывающих содействие в совершении преступлении. В настоящее время в доктрине выработано две теории, обосновывающие правовую природу соучастия в преступлении: акцессорная теория и теория самостоятельной, независимой от других соучастников ответственности. Проведенный в статье анализ научных концепций и мнений позволяет утверждать, что в настоящее время соучастие в преступлении представляет собой самостоятельный институт уголовного права, закрепленный в нормах Общей и Особенной частей УК РФ, имеющий многоаспектный характер, выражающийся в зависимости от обстоятельств совершения деяния и преступного результата в одних случаях в акцессорной природе ответственности соучастников преступления, в других - в самостоятельной ответственности соучастников преступления. Именно при сочетании акцессорности и индивидуализации ответственности лиц, совершивших преступление, возможна всесторонняя и полная оценка правонарушающего поведения субъектов, а также назначение справедливого наказания. The article is devoted to the study of the nature of complicity in a crime as an independent institution of criminal law. Recognizing the institution of complicity as one of the controversial ones in the criminal law doctrine, the authors note that at present the issue of the legal nature of complicity is controversial, the solution of which has not only theoretical but also practical significance, consisting in justifying the responsibility of accomplices in a crime when passing a court sentence. The legal nature of complicity in a crime is manifested in the fact that this institution is determined by the norms of criminal law and thus represents a special criminal law phenomenon characterized by a number of essential features. The main function of the institute of complicity as a criminal law institution is to substantiate the criminal liability of persons assisting in the commission of a crime. Currently, two theories have been developed in the doctrine that substantiate the legal nature of complicity in a crime: the accessory theory and the theory of independent responsibility, independent of other accomplices. The analysis of scientific concepts and opinions carried out in the article allows us to assert that at present complicity in a crime is an independent institution of criminal law, enshrined in the norms of the General and Special parts of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, having a multidimensional character, expressed depending on the circumstances of the act and the criminal result in some cases in the accessory nature of the responsibility of the accomplices of the crime, in others - in the independent responsibility of the accomplices of the crime. It is with the combination of accessory and individualization of responsibility of persons who have committed a crime that a comprehensive and complete assessment of the offending behavior of subjects is possible, as well as the appointment of a fair punishment.

Provoking opportunities for science in early childhood education

This article presents findings from a doctoral study which examined the ways teaching teams in six New Zealand early childhood education (ECE) centres fostered and supported young children’s scientific experiences. The focus of this article is the pedagogical practice of using provocations to facilitate scientific opportunities. The way provocations fostered science occurrences will be explored drawing on the experiences of teachers in two of the centres involved in the research. The article will discuss where the pedagogical approach of provocations originates and provide examples of how provocations can facilitate opportunities for investigations around scientific concepts.