scholarly journals  The role of beta-endorphin in horses: a review

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 423-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Golynski ◽  
W. Krumrych ◽  
K. Lutnicki
Keyword(s):  
Pain Threshold ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Prognostic Indicator ◽  
Endogenous Opioids ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Endogenous Opioid System ◽  
Endogenous Opioid ◽  
Beta Endorphin ◽  
Opium Alkaloids

  Opium alkaloids counterparts are secreted by human and animal organisms but the role of endogenous opioid peptides in horses has not yet been fully elucidated. Endogenous opioids are involved in regulating food intake, sexual and social activity, pain relief and pain threshold regulation in horses as well as in regulating the functions of the immune system. The aim of this review is to describe the endogenous opioid system in the horse and its function during stress, illness, reproduction, and its influence on immunity and on the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in horses. What is currently known concerning beta-endorphin suggests that they can be a promising diagnostic or prognostic indicator of many pathologic states in horses.

Endogenous opioids and ventilatory responses to hypercapnia in normal humans

1985 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 1415-1420 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. Weinberger ◽  
R. A. Steinbrook ◽  
D. B. Carr ◽  
E. R. von Gal ◽  
J. E. Fisher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Opioid Peptides ◽  
Endogenous Opioids ◽  
Opiate Antagonist ◽  
Endogenous Opioid Peptides ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Endogenous Opioid ◽  
Beta Endorphin ◽  
Ventilatory Responses ◽  
Normal Humans

Though administration of opioid peptides depresses ventilation and ventilatory responsiveness, the role of endogenous opioid peptides in modulating ventilatory responsiveness is not clear. We studied the interaction of endogenous opioids and ventilatory responses in 12 adult male volunteers by relating hypercapnic responsiveness to plasma levels of immunoactive beta-endorphin and by administering the opiate antagonist naloxone. Ventilatory responsiveness to hypercapnia was not altered by pretreatment with naloxone, and this by itself suggests that endogenous opioids have no role in modulating this response. However, there was an inverse relationship between basal levels of immunoactive beta-endorphin in plasma and ventilatory responsiveness to CO2. Furthermore, plasma beta-endorphin levels rose after short-term hypercapnia but only when subjects had been pretreated with naloxone. We conclude that measurement of plasma endorphin levels suggests relationships between endogenous opioid peptides and ventilatory responses to CO2 that are not apparent in studies limited to assessing the effect of naloxone.

Opioids in Remote Ischemic Preconditioning-Induced Cardioprotection

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Puneet Kaur Randhawa ◽  
Amteshwar Singh Jaggi
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Preconditioning ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
Bypass Graft ◽  
Endogenous Opioids ◽  
Remote Ischemic Preconditioning ◽  
Endogenous Opioid System ◽  
Endogenous Opioid ◽  
Cardioprotective Effects

Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) is an intriguing process whereby transient regional ischemia and reperfusion episodes to remote tissues including skeletal, renal, mesenteric provide protection to the heart against sustained ischemia–reperfusion-induced injury. Clinically, this technique has been used in patients undergoing various surgical interventions including coronary artery bypass graft surgery, abdominal aortic aneurysm repair, percutaneous coronary intervention, and heart valve surgery. The endogenous opioid system is extensively expressed in the brain to modulate pain sensation. Besides the role of opioids in relieving pain, numerous researchers have found their critical involvement in evoking cardioprotective effects. Endogenous opioids including endorphins, enkephalins, and dynorphins are released during RIPC and are critically involved in mediating RIPC-induced cardioprotective effects. It has been suggested that during RIPC, the endogenous opioids may be released into the systemic circulation and may travel via bloodstream that act on the myocardial opioid receptors to induce cardioprotection. The present review describes the potential role of opioids in mediating RIPC-induced cardioprotection.

scholarly journals The aetiology of social deficits within mental health disorders: The role of the immune system and endogenous opioids

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Jane Charles ◽  
Miguel Farias ◽  
R. I. M. Dunbar
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Mental Health Disorders ◽  
Social Bonding ◽  
Endogenous Opioids ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Endogenous Opioid System ◽  
Endogenous Opioid ◽  
Health Disorders

The American National Institute for Mental Health (NIMH) has put out a set of research goals that include a long-term plan to identify more reliable endogenous explanations for a wide variety of mental health disorders (Insel, 2013). In response to this, we have identified a major symptom that underlies multiple mental health disorders – social bonding dysfunction. We suggest that endogenous opioid abnormalities can lead to altered social bonding, which is a symptom of various mental health disorders, including depression, schizophrenia and ASD. This article first outlines how endogenous opioids play a role in social bonding. Then we show their association with the body’s inflammation immune function, and review recent literature linking inflammation to mental health ‘immunophenotypes’. We finish by explaining how these immunophenotypes may be caused by alterations in the endogenous opioid system. This is the first overview of the role of inflammation across multiple disorders where we provide a biochemical explanation for why immunophenotypes might exist across diagnoses. We propose a novel mechanism of how the immune system may be causing ‘sickness-type’ behaviours (fatigue, appetite change, social withdrawal and inhibited motivation) in those who have these immunophenotypes. We hope that this novel aetiology can be used as a basis for future research in mental health.

Role of the endogenous opioid system in the analgesic effect of ?-tocopherol in dysmenorrhea

1988 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. N. Kryzhanovskii ◽  
L. P. Bakuleva ◽  
N. L. Luzina ◽  
V. A. Vinogradov ◽  
K. N. Yarygin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analgesic Effect ◽  
Opioid System ◽  
Endogenous Opioid System ◽  
Endogenous Opioid

Genetics of alcoholism: Role of the endogenous opioid system

1994 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Gianoulakis ◽  
Jean-Pascal de Waele
Keyword(s):  
Opioid System ◽  
Endogenous Opioid System ◽  
Endogenous Opioid

Plasma Beta-Endorphin Concentrations in People with Learning Disability and Self-Injurious and/or Autistic Behaviour

1996 ◽  
Vol 168 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie H. N. Willemsen-Swinkels ◽  
Jan K. Buitelaar ◽  
Florence G. Weijnen ◽  
Jos H. H. Thijssen ◽  
Herman Van Engeland
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disability ◽  
Learning Disabled ◽  
Opioid System ◽  
Disabled People ◽  
Endogenous Opioid System ◽  
Endogenous Opioid ◽  
Beta Endorphin ◽  
Functional Disturbances ◽  
Autistic Behaviour ◽  
Opioid Systems

BackgroundIt has been suggested that the key variable in reduced plasma immunoreactive β-endorphin concentrations in autistic subjects may be concomitant self-injurious behaviour.MethodWe studied morning levels of plasma β-endorphin in 33 learning disabled people with self-injurious and/or autistic behaviour.ResultsThe β-endorphin level of the subjects with severe self-injurious behaviour proved to be significantly lower than that of autistic subjects without severe self-injurious behaviour (3.6 (1.4) pmol/l v. 5.8 (4.3) pmol/l; t-test: P = 0.045. Replication: 3.7 (1.1) pmol/l v. 5.7 (3.8) pmol/l; t-test P = 0.043). Individuals with mild and occasional self-injurious behaviour were found to have β-endorphin levels comparable to those without self-injurious behaviour. Further, subjects being treated with neuroleptics had lower β-endorphin levels than untreated subjects.ConclusionsThese results stress that in any study of opioid systems of learning disabled people, it is very important to differentiate between people with and without severe self-injurious behaviour. The results support the idea that severe self-injurious behaviour may be related to functional disturbances in the endogenous opioid system.

The role of the endogenous opioid system in polycystic ovary syndrome

2009 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aimee D. Eyvazzadeh ◽  
Kathryn P. Pennington ◽  
Rodica Pop-Busui ◽  
MaryFran Sowers ◽  
Jon-Kar Zubieta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Opioid System ◽  
Endogenous Opioid System ◽  
Endogenous Opioid ◽  
Ovary Syndrome

Role of the Endogenous Opioid System on the Neuropsychopharmacological Effects of Ethanol: New Insights About an Old Question

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 1522-1527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carles Sanchis-Segura ◽  
Judy E. Grisel ◽  
M Foster Olive ◽  
Sandra Ghozland ◽  
George F. Koob ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Opioid System ◽  
Endogenous Opioid System ◽  
Endogenous Opioid
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