scholarly journals Treadmill training combined with transcranial direct current stimulation over the primary motor cortex in a child with cerebral palsy and hydrocephalus: A case report.

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 210
Author(s):  
Fernanda Lobo Rezende ◽  
Natália De Almeida Carvalho Duarte ◽  
Luanda André Collange Grecco ◽  
Claudia Santos Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Treadmill Training ◽  
Anodal Tdcs ◽  
Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Intervention Protocol

Introduction: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a promising technique that stimulates the cortex with a direct, low-intensity electric current and can potentiate motor learning. Objective: Describe the results of an intervention protocol involving anodal stimulation over the primary motor cortex combined with treadmill training in a child with cerebral palsy. Method: The intervention was comprised of ten sessions of anodal tDCS (1mA) over the primary motor cortex during the treadmill training. Stabilometric analysis was evaluated one week before and one week after the intervention. Results: A reduction in oscillations of the COP was found under both conditions (eyes opened and eyes closed. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that anodal tDCS over primary motor cortex can potentiate the results of treadmill training.

scholarly journals Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) in Unilateral Cerebral Palsy: A Pilot Study of Motor Effect

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuela Inguaggiato ◽  
Nadia Bolognini ◽  
Simona Fiori ◽  
Giovanni Cioni
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Anodal Tdcs ◽  
Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Unilateral Cerebral Palsy

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) is an emerging tool to improve upper limb motor functions after stroke acquired in adulthood; however, there is a paucity of reports on its efficacy for upper limb motor rehabilitation in congenital or early-acquired stroke. In this pilot study we have explored, for the first time, the immediate effects, and their short-term persistence, of a single application of anodal tDCS on chronic upper limb motor disorders in children and young individuals with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy (UCP). To this aim, in a crossover sham-controlled study, eight subjects aged 10-28 years with UCP underwent two sessions of active and sham tDCS. Anodal tDCS (1.5 mA, 20 min) was delivered over the primary motor cortex (M1) of the ipsilesional hemisphere. Results showed, only following the active stimulation, an immediate improvement in unimanual gross motor dexterity of hemiplegic, but not of nonhemiplegic, hand in Box and Block test (BBT). Such improvement remained stable for at least 90 minutes. Performance of both hands in Hand Grip Strength test was not modified by anodal tDCS. Improvement in BBT was unrelated to participants’ age or lesion size, as revealed by MRI data analysis. No serious adverse effects occurred after tDCS; some mild and transient side effects (e.g., headache, tingling, and itchiness) were reported in a limited number of cases. This study provides an innovative contribution to scientific literature on the efficacy and safety of anodal tDCS in UCP. This trial is registered with NCT03137940.

Transcranial direct current stimulation effects on I-wave activity in humans

2011 ◽  
Vol 105 (6) ◽  
pp. 2802-2810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Lang ◽  
Michael A. Nitsche ◽  
Michele Dileone ◽  
Paolo Mazzone ◽  
Javier De Andrés-Arés ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Cortical Neurons ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Motor Evoked Potential ◽  
Anodal Tdcs ◽  
Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Cathodal Tdcs ◽  
Motor Cortex Excitability

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the human cerebral cortex modulates cortical excitability noninvasively in a polarity-specific manner: anodal tDCS leads to lasting facilitation and cathodal tDCS to inhibition of motor cortex excitability. To further elucidate the underlying physiological mechanisms, we recorded corticospinal volleys evoked by single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation of the primary motor cortex before and after a 5-min period of anodal or cathodal tDCS in eight conscious patients who had electrodes implanted in the cervical epidural space for the control of pain. The effects of anodal tDCS were evaluated in six subjects and the effects of cathodal tDCS in five subjects. Three subjects were studied with both polarities. Anodal tDCS increased the excitability of cortical circuits generating I waves in the corticospinal system, including the earliest wave (I1 wave), whereas cathodal tDCS suppressed later I waves. The motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitude changes immediately following tDCS periods were in agreement with the effects produced on intracortical circuitry. The results deliver additional evidence that tDCS changes the excitability of cortical neurons.

scholarly journals Enhancing Plasticity Mechanisms in the Mouse Motor Cortex by Anodal Transcranial Direct-Current Stimulation: The Contribution of Nitric Oxide Signaling

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 2972-2985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saviana Antonella Barbati ◽  
Sara Cocco ◽  
Valentina Longo ◽  
Matteo Spinelli ◽  
Katia Gironi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Synaptic Transmission ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Long Term Potentiation ◽  
Anodal Tdcs ◽  
Direct Current Stimulation

Abstract Consistent body of evidence shows that transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) over the primary motor cortex (M1) facilitates motor learning and promotes recovery after stroke. However, the knowledge of molecular mechanisms behind tDCS effects needs to be deepened for a more rational use of this technique in clinical settings. Here we characterized the effects of anodal tDCS of M1, focusing on its impact on glutamatergic synaptic transmission and plasticity. Mice subjected to tDCS displayed increased long-term potentiation (LTP) and enhanced basal synaptic transmission at layer II/III horizontal connections. They performed better than sham-stimulated mice in the single-pellet reaching task and exhibited increased forelimb strength. Dendritic spine density of layer II/III pyramidal neurons was also increased by tDCS. At molecular level, tDCS enhanced: 1) BDNF expression, 2) phosphorylation of CREB, CaMKII, and GluA1, and 3) S-nitrosylation of GluA1 and HDAC2. Blockade of nitric oxide synthesis by L-NAME prevented the tDCS-induced enhancement of GluA1 phosphorylation at Ser831 and BDNF levels, as well as of miniature excitatory postsynaptic current (mEPSC) frequency, LTP and reaching performance. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that anodal tDCS engages plasticity mechanisms in the M1 and highlight a role for nitric oxide (NO) as a novel mediator of tDCS effects.

Effect of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation of Motor Cortex in Cerebral Palsy

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natália de Almeida Carvalho Duarte ◽  
Luanda André Collange Grecco ◽  
Roberta Delasta Lazzari ◽  
Hugo Pasini Neto ◽  
Manuela Galli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Of

scholarly journals Comparison of repeated transcranial stimulation and transcranial direct-current stimulation on primary motor cortex excitability and inhibition: A pilot study

2018 ◽  
pp. 59-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Cabibel ◽  
Makii Muthalib ◽  
Jérôme Froger ◽  
Stéphane Perrey
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Motor Evoked Potentials ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Motor Cortex Excitability ◽  
The Right

Repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a well-known clinical neuromodulation technique, but transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) is rapidly growing interest for neurorehabilitation applications. Both methods (contralesional hemisphere inhibitory low-frequency: LF-rTMS or lesional hemisphere excitatory anodal: a-tDCS) have been employed to modify the interhemispheric imbalance following stroke. The aim of this pilot study was to compare aHD-tDCS (anodal high-definition tDCS) of the left M1 (2 mA, 20 min) and LF-rTMS of the right M1 (1 Hz, 20 min) to enhance excitability and reduce inhibition of the left primary motor cortex (M1) in five healthy subjects. Single-pulse TMS was used to elicit resting and active (low level muscle contraction, 5% of maximal electromyographic signal) motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) and cortical silent periods (CSPs) from the right and left extensor carpi radialis muscles at Baseline, immediately and 20 min (Post-Stim-20) after the end of each stimulation protocol. LF-rTMS or aHD-tDCS significantly increased right M1 resting and active MEP amplitude at Post-Stim-20 without any CSP modulation and with no difference between methods. In conclusion, this pilot study reported unexpected M1 excitability changes, which most likely stems from variability, which is a major concern in the field to consider.

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