The Relationship between M and ML: A Review and Application to Induced Seismicity in the Groningen Gas Field, The Netherlands

2018 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 1062-1074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Dost ◽  
Benjamin Edwards ◽  
Julian J. Bommer
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Induced Seismicity ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
Groningen Gas Field ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Stress-based, statistical modeling of the induced seismicity at the Groningen gas field, The Netherlands

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gudrun Richter ◽  
Sebastian Hainzl ◽  
Torsten Dahm ◽  
Gert Zöller
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Statistical Modeling ◽  
Induced Seismicity ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
Groningen Gas Field

scholarly journals Defining the usable bandwidth of weak-motion records: application to induced seismicity in the Groningen Gas Field, the Netherlands

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Edwards ◽  
Michail Ntinalexis
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Ground Motion ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Induced Seismicity ◽  
Parametric Model ◽  
Earthquake Ground Motion ◽  
Frequency Noise ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
High Frequency Noise ◽  
Groningen Gas Field

AbstractSeismic hazard and risk analyses are increasingly tapping into the previously underused resource of local weak-motion records. This is facilitating the development of local- or even application-specific models for the characterisation of earthquake ground motion. In turn, this offers the opportunity to derive non- or partially non-ergodic models and significantly reduce bias and uncertainty. However, weak-motion data, while carrying important information about local earthquake source, path and site effects, are susceptible to noise. We show that high-frequency noise has a record-, or region-specific, impact on pseudo-spectral acceleration (PSA). This impact depends on the shape of the records’ Fourier amplitude spectrum (FAS): PSA from moderately to highly damped ‘soil’ records (e.g. Groningen, the Netherlands) is much less susceptible to high-frequency noise than PSA from weakly damped ‘rock’ records (e.g. Eastern North America). We make use of simulated ground motion records to develop a parametric model for the lower usable period of PSA (Tmin). The model accounts for the impact of high-frequency noise on PSA, conditional on easily measured parameters characterising the shape of a record’s FAS. We then present a workflow, describing processing undertaken for records of induced seismicity from the Groningen gas field. The workflow includes the definition of maximum and minimum usable frequencies and periods of FAS and PSA, respectively. As part of the workflow, we present an approach that considers multiple estimates of Tmin. These include the parametric model and, additionally, record-specific hybrid simulations that artificially extend or modify time series’ FAS beyond the noise floor to assess subsequent impacts on PSA.

scholarly journals Simulations for the development of a ground motion model for induced seismicity in the Groningen gas field, The Netherlands

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 4441-4456 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Edwards ◽  
B. Zurek ◽  
E. van Dedem ◽  
P. J. Stafford ◽  
S. Oates ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Ground Motion ◽  
Induced Seismicity ◽  
Motion Model ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
Ground Motion Model ◽  
Groningen Gas Field

scholarly journals Natural time and nowcasting induced seismicity at the Groningen gas field in the Netherlands

2018 ◽  
Vol 215 (2) ◽  
pp. 753-759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Molly Luginbuhl ◽  
John B Rundle ◽  
Donald L Turcotte
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Induced Seismicity ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
Natural Time ◽  
Groningen Gas Field

scholarly journals Statistical physics models for aftershocks and induced seismicity

2018 ◽  
Vol 377 (2136) ◽  
pp. 20170397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Molly Luginbuhl ◽  
John B. Rundle ◽  
Donald L. Turcotte
Keyword(s):  
Induced Seismicity ◽  
Statistical Physics ◽  
Aftershock Sequence ◽  
Induced Earthquakes ◽  
Aftershock Activity ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
Natural Time ◽  
Parkfield Earthquake ◽  
Groningen Gas Field

A standard approach to quantifying the seismic hazard is the relative intensity (RI) method. It is assumed that the rate of seismicity is constant in time and the rate of occurrence of small earthquakes is extrapolated to large earthquakes using Gutenberg–Richter scaling. We introduce nowcasting to extend RI forecasting to time-dependent seismicity, for example, during an aftershock sequence. Nowcasting uses ‘natural time’; in seismicity natural time is the event count of small earthquakes. The event count for small earthquakes is extrapolated to larger earthquakes using Gutenberg–Richter scaling. We first review the concepts of natural time and nowcasting and then illustrate seismic nowcasting with three examples. We first consider the aftershock sequence of the 2004 Parkfield earthquake on the San Andreas fault in California. Some earthquakes have higher rates of aftershock activity than other earthquakes of the same magnitude. Our approach allows the determination of the rate in real time during the aftershock sequence. We also consider two examples of induced earthquakes. Large injections of waste water from petroleum extraction have generated high rates of induced seismicity in Oklahoma. The extraction of natural gas from the Groningen gas field in The Netherlands has also generated very damaging earthquakes. In order to reduce the seismic activity, rates of injection and withdrawal have been reduced in these two cases. We show how nowcasting can be used to assess the success of these efforts. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Statistical physics of fracture and earthquakes’.

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