Health expenditure and financing: Revenues of health care financing schemes (Edition 2020)

Background:Equity in health care is defined as equal access to available care for equal need. Out-of-pocket expenditures are the most inequitable means of health care financing. These payments become catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) if it exceeds the household’s ‘Capacity to Pay’. As fairness is one of the fundamental objectives of the health system, identification of the factors responsible for these expenditures is important. Hence this study was conducted to find out the determinants of CHE and to explore the socioeconomic horizontal equity in relation to it. Methods:Total 352 households from 9 villages of Amdanga block, North 24 Parganas, were studied for 12 months. Annual out-of-pocket healthcare expenditure exceeding 40% of annual household non-food expenditure was classified as CHE and determinants of the same were identified using logit-model. Equity was measured by Concentration index and modified Kakwani measure (MDK). Results:Overall prevalence of CHE was 20.7% and highest (39.3%) in the second income quintile. The odds of incurring CHE were highest (35.43) for the households with member/s requiring inpatient treatment followed by households having more than five members (12.81). Negative value of concentration index and MDK indicated that the probability of incurring CHE was disproportionately concentrated among the poor and the financing system was degressive, however some amount of equity was noted in the poorest quintile. Conclusions:Apart from the poorest section in the community the poorer and middle income sections are still exposed to healthcare expenditure shocks and the health care spending was diverse and less equitable.

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The Design of Health Care Financing Schemes in Different Countries

Developments in Health Economics and Public Policy - Health Care Financing and Insurance ◽

10.1007/978-3-642-10794-8_3 ◽

2010 ◽

pp. 33-46

Author(s):

Francesco Paolucci

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Health Care Financing ◽

Financing Schemes

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The Role of Private Health Care Financing in the Central and Eastern European Countries

Ekonomika ◽

10.15388/ekon.2008.17678 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 83 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marta Borda

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Health Expenditure ◽

Health Care Services ◽

Health Care Systems ◽

Health Care Financing ◽

Economic Transformation ◽

Eastern European ◽

Private Health Care ◽

Out Of Pocket Payments ◽

Care Systems

The economic transformation process in the central and Eastern European (CEE) countries has included, among others, a thorough reform of the previous, centrally planned health care systems. Consequently, the contemporary health care systems functioning in these countries, despite common directions of changes, vary in the area of detailed aspects. The purpose of the paper is to provide an overview of private sources of the health care financing (including out-of-pocket payments and prepaid plans), which are considered to be an important component of each health care system. In the first part of the paper, the results of comparative analysis of total health expenditure incurred by the CEE countries between 2000 and 2004 are presented in order to indicate the main trends, problems and differences among the analysed states. Next, the main types of private health expenditure are described and their contribution to the health care financing is presented. Finally, voluntary health insurance offered in the Polish market, considered as an additional method of health care financing. is characterized.The obtained results allow to compare and evaluate the range of using private health care funds in the analysed countries during the last few years. Moreover, the results indicate a need for the further development of private methods of health care financing. which in practice can supplement or duplicate health care services delivered by the public sector.

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