Morphology and Morphomertry of Sternal Foramen and Variations in Xiphoid Process in Human dry Sternum in Jammu Region

In November 1892, a woman in labor was admitted to the Kazan Obstetric Clinic, V-para, with t 39.1 . The abdomen is swollen, very sensitive when touched, in the lower parts of the abdomen crepitus; the fundus of the uterus of the finger 2 from the xiphoid process; contracting ring on the finger below the navel, above the entrance to the pelvis head; huge swelling of the external genital organs; from the sleeve, a sanguine liquid is released, with a putrid smell; the heartbeat of the fetus is not audible. Sizes of the pelvis: dist. spin. 24, dist. crist. 26.5, dist. troch. 29, conjug. ext. 18, conjug. diagon. 9.5. Complete opening of the os, presenting the head, descending only in a small segment beyond the entrance of the pelvis. Strong caput succedaneum. The intervals between attempts are 5-10 minutes.

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Age Estimation from Fusion of Manubrium & Xiphoid Process with Sternal Body: A Radiological Study in Living Individuals from Central India

Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology ◽

10.37506/ijfmt.v15i1.13468 ◽

2021 ◽

Keyword(s):

Age Estimation ◽

Central India ◽

Xiphoid Process ◽

Radiological Study

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Relationship of Sternal Foramina to Vital Structures of the Chest: A Computed Tomographic Study

Anatomy Research International ◽

10.1155/2013/780193 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. Gossner

Keyword(s):

Image Guidance ◽

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Computed Tomographic ◽

Adjacent Structure ◽

Topographical Anatomy ◽

Anatomical Relationship ◽

Life Threatening ◽

Relationship Of ◽

Variant Anatomy ◽

Sternal Foramen

Sternal foramina are a well-known variant anatomy of the sternum and carry the risk of life-threatening complications like pneumothorax or even pericardial/cardial punction during sternal biopsy or acupuncture. There have been numerous studies numerous studies examinimg prevalence of sternal foramina, but the study of the exact anatomical relationship to intrathoracic structures has received little attention. In a retrospective study of 15 patients with sternal foramina, the topographical anatomy in respect to vital chest organs was examined. In most patients, the directly adjacent structure was the lung (53.3%) or mediastinal fat (33.3%). Only in three patients, the heart was located directly adjacent to a sternal foramen (20%). Theoretically, if the needle is inserted deep enough it will at some point perforate the pericardium in all examined patients. There was no correlation between the patient habitus (i.e., thickness of the subcutaneous fat) and the distance to a vital organ. In this sample, pericardial punction would have not occured if the needle is not inserted deeper than 2.5 cm. Given the preliminary nature of the data, general conclusions of a safe threshold for needle depth should be made with caution. To minimize the risk of hazardous complications, especially with sternal biopsy, preprocedural screening or image guidance is advocated.

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Expression of protooncogenes c-fos and c-myc in healing of gastric mucosal stress ulcers

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.1994.266.5.g878 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 266 (5) ◽

pp. G878-G886 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

J. Y. Wang ◽

L. R. Johnson

Keyword(s):

Gastric Mucosa ◽

Ornithine Decarboxylase ◽

Thymidine Incorporation ◽

Healing Process ◽

Mucosal Healing ◽

Xiphoid Process ◽

Stress Ulcers ◽

Polyamine Biosynthesis ◽

Polyamine Synthesis ◽

Oxyntic Gland

The current study determines the hypothesis that expression of protooncogenes c-fos and c-myc is involved in the mechanism of polyamine-stimulated healing in gastric mucosal stress ulcers. Rats were fasted 22 h, placed in restraint cages, and immersed in water to the xiphoid process for 2-6 h. Animals were killed either immediately after stress or at 2-h intervals up to 24 h after 6 h of stress. Stress caused both visible lesions and induction of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity in the oxyntic gland mucosa after 2 h. Increased ODC activity was paralleled by increases in the mucosal polyamines putrescine, spermidine, and spermine. Exposure to stress led to appearance of c-fos mRNA and oncoprotein in the gastric oxyntic gland mucosa at 2 h and its disappearance by 4 h. Baseline expression of c-myc was enhanced significantly after 6 h of stress and remained elevated for 4 h. This change in the expression of c-fos and c-myc mRNA and oncoprotein preceded an increased rate of [3H]thymidine incorporation into mucosal DNA. Administration of alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO, 500 mg/kg ip) totally prevented the marked increases in ODC activity and polyamine levels. DFMO also completely inhibited the expression of c-fos and significantly decreased c-myc mRNA and oncoprotein in the gastric mucosa of stressed rats. The healing process, which was significant by 12 h, was markedly inhibited by DFMO. These results show that 1) mucosa exposed to stress exhibits increased expression of c-fos and c-myc following increased polyamine synthesis and 2) inhibition of polyamine biosynthesis by DFMO decreases both protooncogene expression and mucosal healing.

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PHOTOGRAMMETRY: A PROPOSAL OF OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT OF CHEST WALL IN ADOLESCENT IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS

Revista Paulista de Pediatria ◽

10.1590/1984-0462/;2019;37;2;00001 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 37 (2) ◽

pp. 225-233

Author(s):

Anderson Sales Alexandre ◽

Evandro Fornias Sperandio ◽

Liu Chiao Yi ◽

Josy Davidson ◽

Patrícia Rios Poletto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽

Lung Function ◽

Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽

Cobb Angle ◽

Chest Wall ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Objective Assessment ◽

Spine Deformity ◽

Xiphoid Process ◽

Cross Sectional

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the chest wall shape in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) in comparison to healthy subjects and the association between the chest wall shape with the spine deformity and lung function in patients with AIS. Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 30 AIS patients and 20 healthy subjects aged 11-18 years old. The Cobb angle evaluation was performed in AIS patients. The chest wall shape was assessed by the photogrammetry method, using the Postural Assessment Software (PAS). We created thoracic markers shaped as angles (A) and distances (D), as follows: A2 (right acromion/xiphoid/left acromion), A4L (angle formed between the outer point of the smallest waist circumference and its upper and lower edges on the left side), A7 (angle formed by the intersection of the tangent segments of the upper and lower scapulae angles), D1R/D1L [distance between the xiphoid process and the last false rib on the right (R) and left (L) sides], and D3 (distance between xiphoid process and anterior superior iliac spine). Results: The thoracic markers A2 and A7 were significantly higher, while the A4L and D1R/D1L were significantly reduced in the AIS group compared to the control. Moderate correlations were found between: A2 and the main and proximal thoracic Cobb angles (r=0.50, r=0.47, respectively); D1R/D1L and the main thoracic Cobb angle (r=- 0.40); and the forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) and D3R (r=0.47). Conclusions: The photogrammetry method was able to detect chest wall changes in AIS patients, besides presenting correlation between Cobb angles and lung function.

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