We Do Not See Things as They Are, We See Them as We Are: A Multidimensional Worldview Model of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Doron ◽  
Michael Kyrios ◽  
Richard Moulding ◽  
Maja Nedeljkovic ◽  
Sunil Bhar
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Behavioral Models ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
The World ◽  
Nonclinical Sample ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Models ◽  
And Coping

Cognitive-behavioral models of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) assign a central role to specific beliefs and coping strategies in the development, maintenance and exacerbation of obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms. These models also implicate perceptions of self and the world in the development and maintenance of OC phenomena (e.g., overestimation of threat, sociotropy, ambivalent or sensitive sense of self, looming vulnerability), although such self and world domains have not always been emphasized in recent research. Following recent recommendations (Doron & Kyrios, 2005), the present study undertook a multifaceted investigation of self and world perceptions in a nonclinical sample, using a coherent worldview framework (Janoff-Bulman, 1989, 1991). Beliefs regarding the self and the world were found to predict OC symptom severity over and above beliefs outlined in traditional cognitive-behavioral models of OCD. Self and world beliefs were also related to other OC-relevant beliefs. Implications of these findings for theory and treatment of OCD are discussed.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

2001 ◽  
pp. 169-204
Author(s):  
Peter D. McLean ◽  
Sheila R. Woody
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Planning ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Appraisals ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Behavioral Models ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Models ◽  
Detailed Application

This chapter presents a description of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and the prevailing theory of OCD. It also reviews assessment issues related to diagnosis and treatment planning, along with the role of triggers, cognitive appraisals, feared consequences, and avoidance in the occurrence of obsessive thoughts. The chapter will concentrate on the detailed application of behavioral and cognitive behavioral models of treatment for OCD, since these approaches have been guided by empirical development.

Predictors and Consequences of Suppressing Obsessional Thoughts

2007 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee J. Markowitz ◽  
Christine Purdon
Keyword(s):  
Negative Mood ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Behavioral Models ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Path Analyses ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Models ◽  
Obsessional Thought ◽  
Negative Appraisals

AbstractCognitive-behavioral models of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) assert that negative appraisals of obsessional thoughts lead to distress over the thoughts and drive ameliorative actions such as thought suppression and compulsions. These responses in turn play a role in the persistence of the disorder. However, past research has not examined (a) what factors lead individuals to suppress obsessional thoughts; (b) whether certain predictors and consequences relate to suppression uniquely or can be explained by general factors such as negative mood and neuroticism; or (c) individuals' natural active suppression of obsessions. The current study addresses these limitations by examining the roles of natural suppression and distress over thought intrusions in the thought-appraisal/OC symptoms relationship while controlling for general factors. Ninety-one nonclinical participants completed a variety of measures assessing theoretically relevant constructs. After their obsessional thought was primed, they recorded their thoughts for 6 minutes and then rated their suppression effort. Four hours later, longer-term outcomes were assessed. Path analyses supported most components of cognitive-behavioral models.

Thought Control Strategies Used by Parents Reporting Postpartum Obsessions

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin E. Larsen ◽  
Stefanie A. Schwartz ◽  
Stephen P. Whiteside ◽  
Maheruh Khandker ◽  
Katherine M. Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Treatment Seeking ◽  
Behavioral Models ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Thought Control ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Thought Control Strategies ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Models

Previous research has established that parents commonly experience intrusive harm-related thoughts pertaining to their infants (e.g., “My baby might die from SIDS”). Cognitive-behavioral models of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) posit that maladaptive strategies for managing such thoughts play a role in the development and maintenance of obsessional problems. In the present study, we examined (1) the strategies parents used to manage unwanted infant-related thoughts and (2) the relationships between thought control strategies and obsessional and depressive symptoms. Non-treatment-seeking parents (n = 75) of healthy newborns completed measures of intrusive thoughts, thought control strategies, and obsessional and depressive symptoms. Mothers and fathers did not differ in their use of various thought control strategies. Strategies involving distraction, self-punishment, and reappraisal of the intrusive thought were positively related to the severity of obsessional symptoms. Punishment was also positively associated with depressive symptoms. Results are discussed in terms cognitive-behavioral models of OCD.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan S. Abramowitz
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Behavioral Models ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Models ◽  
The One

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is one of the most destructive psychological disorders. Its symptoms often interfere with work or school, interpersonal relationships, and with activities of daily living (e.g., driving, using the bathroom). Moreover, the psychopathology of OCD is seemingly complex: sufferers battle ubiquitous unwanted thoughts, doubts, and images that, while senseless on the one hand, are perceived as signs of danger on the other hand. The thematic variation and elaborate relations between behavioral and cognitive signs and symptoms can be perplexing to even the most experienced of observers. Cognitive-behavioral models of OCD explain these phenomena and account for their heterogeneity. These models also have implications for how OCD is treated using exposure and response prevention, which research indicates are effective short- and long-term interventions.

The Life-World of the Obsessive-Compulsive Person

2018 ◽  
pp. 633-648
Author(s):  
Martin Bürgy
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Phenomenological Method ◽  
Symptom Development ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Life World ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
The World ◽  
And Coping

Taking up the work of Karl Jaspers, we develop a phenomenological method, which has not been fully used in clinical practice. We describe three levels of understanding of psychiatric symptoms: the static understanding as a description of symptoms in the here and now; the genetic understanding of symptom development; and the hermeneutic understanding as an interpretation of meaning and sense. This phenomenological method is illustrated using its application in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Previous findings are thus organized and illustrated on the basis of a case study. This leads us to a deeper understanding of obsessive-compulsive disorder, both from the disturbance side, as well as from the defending and coping side, to a deeper understanding, too, of its development and of the world- and self-experiencing.

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