COMPOUND STIMULUS CONTROL BY DISCRIMINATIVE STIMULI ASSOCIATED WITH HIGH AND MODERATE RESPONSE RATES1

Conditions necessary for the development of social interaction were examined with 7 Observer pigeons, each working beside a Model pigeon. Observer was conditioned to pay attention to the Model's behavior. Model's key pecking rate on a multiple fixed-ratio, extinction schedule was controlled by stimuli projected on his key (not visible to Observer), but Observer, whose key always remained the same color, had no discriminative stimuli except those provided by Model's behavior. More precise control of Observer's behavior occurred when Model could be both seen and heard than when Model could be heard only.

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Conspecific Images as Elements of Compound Stimuli Controlling Operant Responding in Female Rhesus Monkeys

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.1977.45.3.1015 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 45 (3) ◽

pp. 1015-1020

Author(s):

Richard Deni ◽

Daniel I. Drake

Keyword(s):

Stimulus Control ◽

Adult Male ◽

Rhesus Monkeys ◽

Compound Stimulus ◽

Visual Salience ◽

Operant Responding ◽

Color Slide ◽

Female Rhesus ◽

Constituent Elements ◽

Male Rhesus

Six adult female rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) performed food-reinforced button presses in a compound stimulus discrimination paradigm. Three subjects were trained on a compound stimulus consisting of a color motion picture of an adult male rhesus superimposed over a homogeneous blue field of color. A second group of three subjects was trained on a compound consisting of a color slide depicting an adult male rhesus and the blue field. Subsequent testing of relative stimulus control exerted by either compounds, conspecific stimuli (movie-slide) or blue field alone was carried out. Results indicated that for the movie group, stimulus control was attenuated when either the conspecific stimulus or blue field was presented as a single S+ stimulus compared to tests using the compound stimulus as S+. Subjects in the movie group shared attention to both constituent elements of the compound. Statistically significant differences in stimulus control between compound, conspecific stimulus, and blue field were not found for the slide group. Superior control by the compound movie-blue field was explained as the result of increased visual salience of an altered (blue) conspecific image.

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The Effects of Response Contingent Shock on Stuttering

Journal of Speech and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/jshr.0903.340 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 340-352 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

Richard R. Martin ◽

Gerald M. Siegel

Keyword(s):

Discriminative Stimulus ◽

Stimulus Control ◽

Adult Male ◽

Base Rate ◽

Output Level ◽

Discriminative Stimuli ◽

Response Contingent ◽

Rate Frequency

The effects of response contingent shock on stuttering frequency were studied in three adult male stutterers. Each subject’s stuttering frequency base rate was obtained, then response contingent shock and various discriminative stimuli were introduced. The general findings were: (1) introduction of response contingent shock reduced stuttering frequency essentially to zero, while removal of shock occasioned a return to base rate frequency; (2) specific stuttering behaviors could be independently manipulated; (3) for two subjects, the shock procedure did not systematically alter word output level; (4) stuttering frequency was brought under discriminative stimulus control.

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