scholarly journals EFFECTS OF PRIMARY REINFORCEMENT ON PIGEONS' INITIAL-LINK RESPONDING UNDER A CONCURRENT-CHAINS SCHEDULE WITH NONDIFFERENTIAL TERMINAL LINKS

2001 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bertram O. Ploog
Keyword(s):  
Primary Reinforcement ◽  
Initial Link ◽  
Concurrent Chains

Effects of initial-link duration on preference and resistance to change in concurrent-chains schedules

2009 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corina Jimenez-Gomez ◽  
Christopher A. Podlesnik ◽  
Timothy A. Shahan
Keyword(s):  
Resistance To Change ◽  
Initial Link ◽  
Concurrent Chains ◽  
Link Duration

Choice and timing in concurrent chains: Effects of initial-link duration

2006 ◽  
Vol 71 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 188-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randolph C. Grace ◽  
Mark E. Berg ◽  
Elizabeth G.E. Kyonka
Keyword(s):  
Initial Link ◽  
Concurrent Chains ◽  
Link Duration

Effect of initial-link length on the sensitivity of the post-reinforcer delay

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yumi Hata
Keyword(s):  
Model Prediction ◽  
Choice Behavior ◽  
Initial Link ◽  
Link Length ◽  
Delay Effect ◽  
Concurrent Chains ◽  
Delay Models ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Reinforcer Delay ◽  
Better Than

For a long time, post-reinforcer delays have been considered to have no effect on choice. The most influential choice models therefore do not consider such delays. Recently, however, some studies reported that post-reinforcer delays affect choice behavior in pigeons. One such study (Mazur, 2006) concluded that a short initial link increases the sensitivity to post-reinforcer delays in concurrent-chains schedules. However, this study did not use typical concurrent-chains schedule procedures, in which the number of reinforcements differs between alternatives, and did not systematically analyze the effect of the systematic post-reinforcer delay. The current study therefore examined whether the length of the initial link modulates the post-reinforcer delay effect on choice with standard concurrent-chains schedules and by systematically varying both the initial link and the post-reinforcer delay. As the results, the shorter the initial link length, the larger the effect of the post-reinforcer delay. Models with post-reinforcer delays predicted choice behavior better than models without, but pigeons were more insensitive to delays than the model prediction for long initial links. These findings provide important information for models on choice, and suggest that experiments should be designed with more caution with regards to post-reinforcer delays.

scholarly journals Initial-link duration and acquisition of preference in concurrent chains

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark E. Berg ◽  
Randolph C. Grace
Keyword(s):  
Initial Link ◽  
Concurrent Chains ◽  
Link Duration

Rapid acquisition in concurrent chains: Effects of initial-link duration

2008 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren R. Christensen ◽  
Randolph C. Grace
Keyword(s):  
Initial Link ◽  
Concurrent Chains ◽  
Rapid Acquisition ◽  
Link Duration

The “Gambler Effect”: Choice and the Probability of Reinforcement of Small Response Outputs

1975 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62
Author(s):  
R. S. Boeving ◽  
J. J. Randolph
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Schedule ◽  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Fixed Ratio ◽  
Primary Reinforcement ◽  
Interreinforcement Interval ◽  
Schedules Of Reinforcement ◽  
Concurrent Chains ◽  
Unusual Effect

Several types of concurrent-chains studies in which preference was found disproportionate to the rate of primary reinforcement were discussed. The disproportionality was attributed to the unusual effect on preference of the smallest interreinforcement interval components of schedules of reinforcement. The present study investigated an aspect of this factor in the control of preference. Concurrently available fixed-ratio 10 schedules were chained to a fixed-ratio 30 schedule on one key and a multiple fixed-ratio 5 fixed-ratio 80 on the alternative key. In the course of the study the relative frequency of the smallest interreinforcement interval (FR 5) in the multiple schedule option was reduced from 0.50 to 0. Pigeons could maximize reinforcement by always choosing the FR 30 schedule or choosing the multiple schedule and “gambling” that the FR 5 would be produced. Three pigeons chose the multiple schedule exclusively with one exception until the FR 5 was removed entirely from the multiple schedule. At this point, all birds chose the fixed schedule exclusively. Preference defined as rate of initial links responding was, in most instances, inversely related to rate of primary reinforcement.

Delay of primary reinforcement if effects of two forms of response-contingent time-out.

1970 ◽  
Vol 70 (1, Pt.1) ◽  
pp. 148-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G. Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Primary Reinforcement ◽  
Response Contingent ◽  
Time Out

Secondary reinforcement and magnitude of primary reinforcement.

1955 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 378-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. D'Amato
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Reinforcement ◽  
Primary Reinforcement
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