Congestion Avoidance and Delay Minimization in Energy Aware Routing of Dynamic ieee 802.11s WMN

Minimization of delay in collecting the data at any base stations is one of the major concerns in cluster based Wireless Mesh Networks. several researches have proposed algorithms to control congestion considering static nature of a node. Mobility of a node results in high congestion due to frequent link breakages and high energy consumption due to re-establishment of route during routing process. Hence, the authors consider dynamic nodes with single hop inside the static cluster. The proposed model includes four modules namely, Cluster head selection, slot allocation, slot scheduling and data collection process. the cluster head selection is based on the maximum energy, number of links and link duration. Slot allocation is based on the available energy () and the required energy (). Slot scheduling is carried out based on the link duration. Data at the base station will be collected as they are scheduled. Model is tested using Network Simulator-3 (NS3) and results indicate that the proposed model achieves least delay besides reducing the congestion compared to the existing methods.

VANSec: Attack-Resistant VANET Security Algorithm in Terms of Trust Computation Error and Normalized Routing Overhead

VANET is an application and subclass of MANETs, a quickly maturing, promising, and emerging technology these days. VANETs establish communication among vehicles (V2V) and roadside infrastructure (V2I). As vehicles move with high speed, hence environment and topology change with time. There is no optimum routing protocol which ensures full-pledge on-time delivery of data to destination nodes, and an absolutely optimum scheme design for flawless packet exchange is still a challenging task. In VANETs, accurate and on-time delivery of fundamental safety alert messages (FSAMs) is highly important to withstand against maliciously inserted security threats affectively. In this paper, we have presented a new security-aware routing technique called VANSec. The presented scheme is more immune and resistive against different kinds of attacks and thwarts malicious node penetration attempts to the entire network. It is basically based on trust management approach. The aim of the scheme is to identify malicious data and false nodes. The simulation results of VANSec are compared with already existing techniques called trust and LT in terms of trust computation error (TCE), end-to-end delay (EED), average link duration (ALD), and normalized routing overhead (NRO). In terms of TCE, VANSec is 11.6% and 7.3% efficient than LT and trust, respectively, while from EED comparison we found VANSec to be 57.6% more efficient than trust and 5.2% more efficient than LT. Similarly, in terms of ALD, VANSec provides 29.7% and 7.8% more stable link duration than trust and LT do, respectively, and in terms of NRO, VANSec protocol has 27.5% and 14% lesser load than that of trust and LT, respectively.