Chest Wall Reconstruction for the Treatment of Lung Herniation and Respiratory Failure 1 Month after Emergency Thoracotomy in a Patient with Traumatic Flail Chest

Background: The key factor following chest wall resection is the preservation of the stability and integrity of the chest wall to support the respiration and protect the underlying organs. The present study aims to evaluate the use of the available grafts and prosthetic materials at our center in chest wall reconstruction with adherence to the proper surgical techniques, good perioperative and postoperative care to obtain good results. Methods: This is a retrospective single center study that concludes all patients underwent chest wall reconstruction for a variety of defects resulting from resection of tumors, trauma due to primarily firearms or motor car accidents, resection of radio necrotic tissues, infection and dehiscence of median sternotomy wounds after cardiac surgery. Results: Study population consisted of 30 patients between January 2015and may 2018, among them were 20 male (70%) and 10 female patients (30%), with a median age of 43 ± 16.3 years, resection and reconstruction was performed in 23 cases (15 neoplastic,5 infective and 3 firearm cases) while reconstruction alone was performed in 7 (traumatic flail chest) cases. Eighteen patients, underwent rib resection with an average 4.18 ± 2.2 ribs (range 2-6). Associated lung resection was performed in 5 patients (27.8 %): diaphragmatic resection was done in 2 cases in addition total sternal resection was performed in 5 cases. Most of the patients (96.7%) had primary healing of their wounds. there was one death (3.3%) in the early postoperative period. The average length of hospital stay for all patients was 8.7 days (range: 5–15). Respiratory complications occurred in three cases in the form of atelectasis and pneumonia at the ipsilateral side of reconstruction. Three cases suffered wound seroma which successfully managed by daily dressing and antibiotic coverage. Conclusions: according to our study and the analysis of similar studies, adequate perioperative preparation of patient undergoing chest wall resection and reconstruction with adherence to effective surgical techniques allowed us to use the available materials at our center for chest wall reconstruction with good and effective results without adding burden in terms of cost on the patient.

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Outcomes in Chest Wall Reconstruction Using Methyl Methacrylate Prostheses: A Review of the Literature and Case Series Utilizing a Novel Approach with Biologic Mesh

Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery ◽

10.1055/s-0039-1688717 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 35 (08) ◽

pp. 575-586

Author(s):

Nikhil R. Shah ◽

Haripriya S. Ayyala ◽

Bao Ngoc N. Tran ◽

Paul J. Therattil ◽

Jonathan D. Keith

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Failure ◽

Methyl Methacrylate ◽

Chest Wall ◽

Surgical Techniques ◽

Case Series ◽

Chest Wall Reconstruction ◽

Biologic Mesh ◽

Novel Technique ◽

Reconstruction Methods ◽

Alloplastic Materials

Abstract Background Composite defects after chest wall resection may leave patients at risk with lack of protection of vital structures and potentially respiratory compromise secondary to flail segments. Reconstruction of the chest wall with various alloplastic materials is possible and well described. Here, the authors present a novel technique in chest wall reconstruction utilizing a methyl methacrylate (MMA) “sandwich” with biologic mesh. The authors also sought to determine outcomes in chest wall reconstruction with MMA to optimize surgical decision making and minimize patient morbidity. Methods A literature review was conducted using MEDLINE and the Cochrane Collaboration Library for primary research articles on chest wall reconstruction using MMA. Data related to surgical techniques and patient outcomes were extracted and analyzed. The authors also present their case series and outcomes utilizing a novel technique with biologic mesh. Results Seventy-four articles met inclusion criteria, which included a total of 562 patients. Reconstruction methods included three main variations of the MMA prosthesis and six institution-specific variations. Complications were reported in 13.7% of patients; the most common complications included infection (5.6%), respiratory failure (3.3%), and atelectasis (1.7%). Less commonly reported complications included prosthesis dislocation (1.2%), pneumonia (1.0%), and lung collapse (0.4%). Overall mortality due to respiratory causes was observed in nine patients (1.6%). In our case series, complications included respiratory failure and seroma was reported in one patient, with no complications at long-term follow-up. Conclusion There are a variety of options available for rigid and nonrigid prosthetic repair of the chest wall. We present the first successful reported case series of reconstruction using biologic mesh as a component of the MMA sandwich prosthesis. MMA appears to be a safe and effective choice for rigid reconstruction when used alone or in conjunction with synthetic or biologic mesh.

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