scholarly journals Estimating 24-hour urinary sodium, potassium, and creatinine excretion in hypertensive patients: can we replace 24-hour urine collection with spot urine measurements?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Jędrusik ◽  
Bartosz Symonides ◽  
Zbigniew Gaciong
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Sodium ◽  
Urine Collection ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Creatinine Excretion ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Spot Urine

scholarly journals P256Research of the spot urine method in estimating 24-hour urinary sodium in hypertensive patients

2014 ◽  
Vol 103 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. S46.1-S46
Author(s):  
Y Xi ◽  
N Sun ◽  
L Zhao ◽  
H Wang ◽  
Y Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Sodium ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Spot Urine

scholarly journals 24-Hour vs. Spot Urinary Sodium and Potassium Measurements in Adult Hypertensive Patients: A Cohort Validation Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 983-991
Author(s):  
Elizabeth R Wan ◽  
Jennifer Cross ◽  
Reecha Sofat ◽  
Stephen B Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Urinary Sodium Excretion ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Serum Biochemistry ◽  
Urinary Sodium ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Sodium Ingestion ◽  
Weak Negative Correlation

Abstract BACKGROUND Sodium intake is correlated with the development of hypertension. Guyton’s principals suggest that the 24-hour urinary sodium excretion reflects sodium ingestion over the same period. 24-hour urine collections are arduous to collect, so many centers use spot urinary measurements instead. We compared spot to matched 24-hour urinary electrolyte measurements. METHODS We examined 419 hypertensive patients from the UCL Complex Hypertension Clinic. 77 had matched and complete 24-hour and spot urinary and serum biochemistry to examine. We compared the spot and 24-hour urinary; sodium concentration, Na/Cr ratio, FENa, Kawasaki and Tanaka estimated sodium excretion as well as the potassium concentration, K/Cr ratio, Kawasaki and Tanaka potassium excretion. RESULTS Our cohort was 58% male and the median age was 41 years. The 24-hour and spot Na concentrations correlated moderately (r = 0.4633, P < 0.0001). The 24-hour and spot Na/creatinine ratios correlated weakly (r = 0.2625, P = 0.0194). The 24-hour and spot FENa results showed a weak negative correlation (r = −0.222, P = ns). The 24-hour sodium excretion and the Kawasaki-derived spot urine sodium excretion correlated moderately (r = 0.3118, P = 0.0052). All Bland–Altman analyses showed poor agreement. The 24-hour and spot potassium concentrations correlated very poorly (r = 0.1158, P = ns). The 24-hour and spot urinary K/creatinine ratios correlated weakly (r = 0.47, P ≤ 0.0001). 24-hour and Kawasaki and Tanaka estimated potassium excretions correlated much better (r = 0.58, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Spot urinary measurements of sodium give a very poor understanding of the natriuresis occurring over the same 24-hour period. The Kawasaki and Tanaka estimations of the 24-hour sodium excretion showed a much lower correlation than previously reported.

Abstract MP78: Relationship Between Casual Urinary Sodium/potassium Ratio And 24-h Urinary Sodium/potassium Ratio: The Intersalt Study

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiyuki Iwahori ◽  
Katsuyuki Miura ◽  
Hirotsugu Ueshima ◽  
Queenie Chan ◽  
Alan R Dyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Asian Indian ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Medication Use ◽  
Urinary Sodium ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Urine Collection ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Bland Altman Method

Objective: High dietary sodium (Na) and low dietary potassium (K) intakes are associated with adverse blood pressure levels and excess risks of cardiovascular diseases. The Sodium/potassium (Na/K) ratio is a composite index of Na and K. Recently, we found Na/K ratio of casual urine is useful for estimating 24-h urinary Na/K ratio in healthy Japanese participants. However, this finding has not been validated in different ethnic groups. Our aim was to assess the utility across and within populations of casual (spot) urine specimens to estimate 24-h urinary Na/K ratio using data from the International Cooperative Study on Salt, Other Factors, and Blood Pressure (INTERSALT). Methods: The INTERSALT study collected standardized data on casual urinary Na and K concentrations, and also on timed 24-h urinary Na and K excretion for 10,079 men and women ages 20-59 years from 52 population samples in 32 countries. Pearson correlation coefficients and agreement quality analysis (by the Bland-Altman method) were computed for Na/K ratio of casual urine against 24-h urinary Na/K ratio. Results: Overall mean value of Na/K ratio in 24-h urine collections was 3.24. 24-h urinary Na/K ratio and Na/K ratio of casual urine across the 52 population samples were highly correlated: r=0.96 (overall), r=0.96 (men), r=0.95 (women), r=0.94 (ages 20-29), r=0.94 (ages 30-39), r=0.95 (ages 40-49) and r=0.95 (ages 50-59). 24-hour urinary Na/K ratio and Na/K of casual urine across the 10,079 individuals had moderately strong correlations: r=0.69 (overall), r=0.70 (men), r=0.68 (women), r=0.58 (white), r=0.47 (black), r=0.81 (Amerindian), r=0.70 (Asian Indian), r=0.64 (east-Asian), r=0.70 (other ethnicities), r=0.58 (with anti-hypertensive medication use) and r=0.72 (without anti-hypertensive medication use). The bias estimate with the Bland-Altman method, defined as the difference between Na/K of 24-h urine collection and casual urine, was approximately 0.4 across both populations and individuals, independent of age, gender and anti-hypertensive medication use across the 52 population samples. Bias estimates across population samples were 0.39 (overall), 0.42 (men), 0.36 (women), 0.32 (ages 20-29), 0.41 (ages 30-39), 0.37 (ages 40-49) and 0.46 (ages 50-59). Bias estimates for the 10,079 individuals were 0.40 (overall), 0.42 (men), 0.37 (women), 0.33 (white), 0.69 (black), 0.04 (Amerindian), 0.22 (Asian Indian), 0.65 (east-Asian), 0.31 (other ethnicities), 0.45 (with anti-hypertensive medication use) and 0.38 (without anti-hypertensive medication use). Conclusions: These findings indicate that casual urine Na/K ratio is a useful, low-burden, low-cost method alternative to 24-h urine collection for estimation of urinary Na/K ratio across populations of various ethnicities. It is also applicable to individual urinary Na/K ratio.

Abstract P362: Validation of a Simple Method to Estimate Populational 24-h Urinary Sodium Excretion Based on a Casual Urine Specimen in an Adult Danish Population

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulla Toft ◽  
Charlotte Cerquira ◽  
Torben Jørgensen
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Prediction Method ◽  
Urinary Sodium Excretion ◽  
Urinary Sodium ◽  
Urine Specimen ◽  
Urine Collection ◽  
Danish Population ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Spot Urine

Background: Tanaka et al (J Hum Hypert 2002; 16: 97-103) developed a simple method to estimate populational 24-h urinary sodium excretion using a casual urine specimen. However, this method was developed and validated in a Japanese population and thus this method might not be valid in populations that differ markedly from this population. Hypothesis: We assessed the hypothesis that the 24 hour urinary sodium excretion can be estimated from a casual spot urine using the Tanaka prediction method in a Danish general population. Methods: Overall 473 Danish individuals provided both a 24h urine collection and a spot urine sample. Data were collected in the Danthyr study (248 women aged 25-30 years and 60-65 years) and the Inter99 study (102 men and 113 women aged 30-60 years), respectively. Only participants with complete 24h urine collection (validated by the PABA method) were included. We compared the estimated daily sodium excretion through 24h urine (the gold standard) with the predicted 24 h sodium excretion from a causal urine specimen, using the Tanaka prediction method. Results: The predicted median 24 h sodium excretion (median [5 and 95 percentile]) was 8.6 gram [3.7;17.5] compared with a median measured 24 h sodium excretion of 8.9 [5.4; 13:1]. The mean (sd) residual (measured minus predicted 24 h sodium excretion) was 0.08 (3.7). The correlation (Spearman) between predicted and measured 24 h sodium excretion was 0.39 and the R 2 was 0.17. The proportion of individuals classified in the same or adjacent quintiles was 67%. Gross misclassification was found for 3% of the individuals. However, a Bland-Altman plot indicated a tendency of underestimation the sodium excretion for individuals with a high level of sodium excretion (>14 g per day). Conclusion: The Tanaka prediction model gives a reasonable estimate of sodium intake in a Danish population using casual spot urines. However, the validation study showed a tendency of underestimation of the sodium intake for individuals with a high sodium excretion (>14 g per day).

scholarly journals Association of urinary sodium/potassium ratio with structural and functional vascular changes in non‐diabetic hypertensive patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 1360-1369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle R. Cunha ◽  
Ana R. Cunha ◽  
Bianca C. A. A. Marques ◽  
Samanta S. Mattos ◽  
Jenifer D’El-Rei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Sodium ◽  
Vascular Changes ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Hypertensive Patients

scholarly journals Prediction of 24-Hour Urinary Sodium Excretion Using a Single Spot Urine Samples in Moroccan Population

2021 ◽  
Vol 319 ◽  
pp. 01066
Author(s):  
Mohamed Idrissi ◽  
Naima Saeid ◽  
Anass Rami ◽  
Mohammed El Mzibri ◽  
Arthur Assako ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Urinary Sodium Excretion ◽  
Urinary Sodium ◽  
Urine Collection ◽  
Validation Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Single Spot ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Moroccan Population

Background: Excessive sodium intake is linked to high blood pressure. Estimating sodium intake is difficult. The 24-h urine collection is currently the recommended method for estimating intake but cumbersome for large population studies. Predictive model to estimate sodium intake based on single spot urine were developed, but showed inconsistency when used in extern populations. This study aims to develop a specific model for estimating sodium excretion over 24 hours for the Moroccan population. Methods: 371 participants in the urinary validation sub-study of the STEP-wise survey-Morocco 2017-2018 provided a valid 24-hour urine collection and spot urine specimens. Participant were randomly assigned to the training (n=183) and the validation data set (n=188). Results: A prediction model for 24-hour sodium excretion was developed. Adjusted R2 was 0.258. In the validation data set, correlation was 0.431 [95%CI; 0.258-0.580], and the adjusted R2 was 0.190. The Bland-Altman plot showed a nonsignificant small mean bias of -18 mg (95%CI, -213 to 177) in predicting 24-h urinary sodium excretion at the group level. At the individual level, limits of agreement were wide. Conclusion: This new model developed from a single spot urine could be used to predict the average 24-h sodium excretion of Moroccan adults.

scholarly journals Validity of five formulas in estimating 24-h urinary sodium via spot urine sampling in hypertensive patients living in Northeast China

2020 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Ni Qian ◽  
Yinong Jiang ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Peishi Yan ◽  
Fumei Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Northeast China ◽  
Urinary Sodium ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Urine Sampling

scholarly journals Assessment and validation of spot urine in estimating the 24-h urinary sodium, potassium, and sodium/potassium ratio in Chinese adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianwei Xu ◽  
Xiaofu Du ◽  
Yamin Bai ◽  
Le Fang ◽  
Min Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Population ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Urinary Sodium ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Urinary Potassium

Abstract The commonly used methods of estimating the 24-h urinary sodium (UNa) and urinary potassium (UK) from spot urine (SU) are the Kawasaki method (K-method), INTERSALT method (I-method), and Tanaka method (T-method), but the method that is suitable for use in the general Chinese population is still uncertain. We aimed to assess and validate these methods in estimating the 24-h UNa and UK using SU samples in Chinese adults. We studied 1428 individuals aged 18–69 years using SU and 24-h urine samples. For the K-method, I-method, and T-method, the Pearson correlation coefficients of the 24-h UNa were 0.35, 0.35, and 0.33 (all p < 0.01), and the intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were 0.34, 0.26, and 0.26 (all p < 0.01), respectively. The estimated 24-h UK using the K-method and T-method had correlation coefficients of 0.36 and 0.39 (all p < 0.01) and ICCs of 0.31 and 0.27 (all p < 0.01). The mean bias for the K-method in estimating the 24-h UNa and UK were the least biased among these methods. The bias between the 24-h urine Na/K ratio and the spot urinary Na/K ratio by the Bland–Altman method was −0.22. These methods for estimating the 24-h UNa and UK from SU were inadequate at the population level in Zhejiang Province, although the K-method showed the least bias among these methods. The spot urine Na/K ratio may be a useful and alternative method for 24-h urine collection for the estimation of the urinary Na/K ratio in the Chinese population.

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