scholarly journals Transcriptome Analysis of the Ark Shell Scapharca subcrenata: De Novo Assembly, Identification of Genes and Pathways Involved in Growth

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingzhi Wang ◽  
Weiming Teng ◽  
Xiujun Sun ◽  
Miao Liang ◽  
Shangkun Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
De Novo Assembly ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Regulated Expression ◽  
Ark Shell ◽  
Scapharca Subcrenata ◽  
Slow Growing ◽  
Protein Synthesis And Degradation ◽  
Synthesis And Degradation

To understand the molecular mechanism associated with growth variability in bivalves, the Solexa/Illumina technology was employed to analyze the transcriptomic profiles of extreme growth rate differences (fast- VS. slow-growing individuals) in one full-sib family of the ark shell Scapharca subcrenata. De novo assembly of S. subcrenata transcriptome yielded 276,082,016 raw reads, which were assembled into 98,502 unique transcripts by Trinity strategy. A total of 6,357 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained between fast- and slow-growing individuals, with 580 up-regulated expression and 5777 down-regulated expression. Functional annotation revealed that the largest proportion of DEGs were classified to the large or small subunit ribosomal protein, all of which showed significantly lower expression levels in fast-growing group than those in slow-growing group. GO enrichment analysis identified the maximum of DEGs to biological process, followed by molecular function and cellular component. Most of the top enriched KEGG pathways were related to energy metabolism, protein synthesis and degradation. These findings reveal the link between gene expression and contrasting phenotypes in ark shells, which support that fast-growing individuals may be resulted from decreased energy requirements for metabolism maintenance, accompanying with greater efficiency of protein synthesis and degradation in bivalves.

Competition for transport of amino acids into rat heart: Effect of competitors on protein synthesis and degradation

Metabolism ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 925-933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armando R. Tovar ◽  
Jean K. Tews ◽  
Nimbe Torres ◽  
David C. Madsen ◽  
Alfred E. Harper
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Rat Heart ◽  
Protein Synthesis And Degradation ◽  
Synthesis And Degradation

Human protein metabolism: its measurement and regulation

2002 ◽  
Vol 283 (6) ◽  
pp. E1105-E1112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenqi Liu ◽  
Eugene J. Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Architectural Support ◽  
Protein Mass ◽  
Protein Pool ◽  
Tracer Kinetic ◽  
Protein Synthesis And Degradation ◽  
Synthesis And Degradation

The body's protein mass not only provides architectural support for cells but also serves vital roles in maintaining their function and survival. The whole body protein pool, as well as that of individual tissues, is determined by the balance between the processes of protein synthesis and degradation. These in turn are regulated by interactions among hormonal, nutritional, neural, inflammatory, and other influences. Prolonged changes in either the synthetic or degradative processes (or both) that cause protein wasting increase morbidity and mortality. The application of tracer kinetic methods, combined with measurements of the activity of components of the cellular signaling pathways involved in protein synthesis and degradation, affords new insights into the regulation of both protein synthesis and breakdown in vivo. These insights, including those from studies of insulin, insulin-like growth factor I, growth hormone, and amino acid-mediated regulation of muscle and whole body protein turnover, provide opportunities to develop and test therapeutic approaches with promise to minimize or prevent these adverse health consequences.

scholarly journals Comparison of protein synthesis and degradation in incubated and perfused muscle

1983 ◽  
Vol 212 (3) ◽  
pp. 649-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
A S Clark ◽  
W E Mitch
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Protein Degradation ◽  
Insulin Treatment ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Muscle Protein Synthesis ◽  
Muscle Protein Degradation ◽  
Protein Synthesis And Degradation ◽  
Synthesis And Degradation

Rates of muscle protein synthesis and degradation measured in the perfused hindquarter were compared with those in incubated epitrochlearis muscles. With fed or starved mature rats, results without insulin treatment were identical. With insulin treatment, protein synthesis in perfused hindquarters was greater, though protein degradation was the same. Thus rates of muscle protein degradation estimated by these two methods in vitro correspond closely.

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