scholarly journals Anomalies of the Portal Venous System in Dogs and Cats as Seen on Multidetector-Row CT: An Overview and Systematization Proposal

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanna Bertolini
Keyword(s):  
Portal Vein ◽  
Venous System ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Portal System ◽  
Multidetector Row Computed Tomography ◽  
Portal Venous System ◽  
Multidetector Row Ct ◽  
Multidetector Row ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Portosystemic Shunts

This article offers an overview of congenital and acquired vascular anomalies involving the portal venous system in dogs and cats, as determined by multidetector-row computed tomography angiography. Congenital absence of the portal vein, portal vein hypoplasia, portal vein thrombosis and portal collaterals are described. Portal collaterals are further discussed as high- and low-flow connections, and categorized in hepatic arterioportal malformation, arteriovenous fistula, end-to-side and side-to-side congenital portosystemic shunts, acquired portosystemic shunts, cavoportal and porto-portal collaterals. Knowledge of different portal system anomalies helps understand the underlying physiopathological mechanism and is essential for surgical and interventional approaches.

scholarly journals Anomalies of the Portal Venous System in Dogs and Cats as Seen on Multidetector-Row Computed Tomography: An Overview and Systematization Proposal

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanna Bertolini
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Portal Vein ◽  
Venous System ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Portal System ◽  
Multidetector Row Computed Tomography ◽  
Portal Venous System ◽  
Multidetector Row ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Portosystemic Shunts

This article offers an overview of congenital and acquired vascular anomalies involving the portal venous system in dogs and cats, as determined by multidetector-row computed tomography angiography. Congenital absence of the portal vein, portal vein hypoplasia, portal vein thrombosis and portal collaterals are described. Portal collaterals are further discussed as high- and low-flow connections and categorized in hepatic arterioportal malformation, arteriovenous fistula, end-to-side and side-to-side congenital portosystemic shunts, acquired portosystemic shunts, cavoportal and porto-portal collaterals. Knowledge of different portal system anomalies helps understand the underlying physiopathological mechanism and is essential for surgical and interventional approaches.

scholarly journals The ABCD of portal vein thrombosis: a systematic approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 424-429
Author(s):  
Alexandre Makoto Minoda ◽  
Raissa Brito Fernandes Cadete ◽  
Sara Reis Teixeira ◽  
Valdair Francisco Muglia ◽  
Jorge Elias Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Portal Vein ◽  
Portal Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Venous System ◽  
Portal Venous System ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Case Files ◽  
Collateral Vessels ◽  
And Diffusion

Abstract Portal vein thrombosis refers to complete or partial obstruction of the portal venous system, in the intrahepatic or extrahepatic venous tract or even in the splenic or superior mesenteric veins. This common and potentially fatal condition can develop in various clinical contexts, especially those of liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and other solid tumors. Certain characteristics, such as the time since the onset of the thrombus (acute or chronic), its biology (hematic or tumoral), the presence of collateral vessels, and the magnetic resonance imaging aspects, are important components of a thorough, careful analysis, as well as informing decisions regarding the appropriate therapeutic strategy. Here, we present a brief review of the anatomy of the portal venous system and a systematic approach to analyzing the condition, using a mnemonic (ABCD, for age, biology, collaterals, and diffusion). We discuss the various imaging methods and illustrate our discussion with images selected from the case files archived at our facility.

scholarly journals Portal Vein Thrombosis: Diagnosis and Endovascular Management

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Connie Ju ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Sameer Gadani ◽  
Baljendra Kapoor ◽  
Sasan Partovi
Keyword(s):  
Portal Vein ◽  
Portal Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Venous System ◽  
Portal Venous System ◽  
Endovascular Management ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Endovascular Interventions ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Optimal Approach

Background Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a rare but severe entity that can cause clinically significant sequela such as worsening portal hypertension or mesenteric ischemia. Those cases refractory to medical management may be referred for endovascular intervention. Several technical considerations have been described in the literature, but a cohesive comparison of these multiple techniques is lacking. Methods The purpose of this article is to review the diagnosis and endovascular management of PVT, including areas in which further research is warranted. Results Cases of PVT can be readily diagnosed using ultrasound, computed tomography, or magnetic resonance imaging. Treatment often begins with systemic anticoagulation and endovascular interventions may be used in selected cases. Determining the optimal approach to accessing the portal venous system depends on the underlying disease and chronicity of the thrombus and the degree of occlusion. Once access to the portal venous system is established, catheter-directed therapy may be performed to achieve recanalization. Conclusion Despite the heterogeneity in patient presentation, cases of PVT can be readily diagnosed across several imaging modalities. Strategizing interventional approaches involves evaluation of the underlying disease and the chronicity of the thrombus. Key Points:  Citation Format

scholarly journals No Association of Homocysteine, Anticardiolipin Antibody, and Anti-β2 Glycoprotein I Antibody With Portal Venous System Thrombosis in Liver Cirrhosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 107602962110109
Author(s):  
Le Wang ◽  
Xiaozhong Guo ◽  
Xiangbo Xu ◽  
Shixue Xu ◽  
Juqiang Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Portal Vein ◽  
Anticardiolipin Antibody ◽  
Venous System ◽  
Common Complication ◽  
Portal Venous System ◽  
Main Portal Vein ◽  
Glycoprotein I ◽  
Cirrhotic Patients ◽  
Clinically Significant

Portal venous system thrombosis (PVST), a common complication of liver cirrhosis, is closely associated with thrombophilia. To explore the association of homocysteine (Hcy), anticardiolipin antibody (aCL), and anti-β2 glycoprotein I antibody (aβ2GPI), which are possible thrombophilic factors, with PVST in liver cirrhosis. Overall, 654 non-malignant patients (219 with and 435 without liver cirrhosis) admitted between January 2016 and June 2020 were retrospectively evaluated. Presence of PVST, degree of main portal vein (MPV) thrombosis, and clinically significant PVST were identified. Hcy level, hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), aCL positivity, and aβ2GPI positivity were compared according to the presence of liver cirrhosis and PVST. Positive aβ2GPI was significantly more frequent in patients with liver cirrhosis than those without, but Hcy level and proportions of HHcy and positive aCL were not significantly different between them. PVST could be evaluated in 136 cirrhotic patients. Hcy level [10.57 μmol/L (2.71-56.82) versus 9.97 μmol/L (2.05-53.44); P = 0.796] and proportions of HHcy [4/44 (9.1%) versus 13/81 (16.0%); P = 0.413] and positive aCL [1/23 (4.3%) versus 10/52 (19.2%); P = 0.185] and aβ2GPI [9/23 (39.1%) versus 21/52 (40.4%); P = 0.919] were not significantly different between cirrhotic patients with and without PVST. There was still no significant association of Hcy level, HHcy, aCL, or aβ2GPI with PVST based on Child-Pugh classification, MPV thrombosis >50%, and clinically significant PVST. Hcy, aCL, and aβ2GPI may not be associated with PVST in liver cirrhosis, suggesting that routine screening for Hcy, aCL, and aβ2GPI should be unnecessary in such patients.

scholarly journals Spontaneous portosystemic shunts in liver cirrhosis: new approaches to an old problem

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 175628482096128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judit Vidal-González ◽  
Sergi Quiroga ◽  
Macarena Simón-Talero ◽  
Joan Genescà
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Hepatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Portosystemic Shunt ◽  
Venous System ◽  
Variceal Hemorrhage ◽  
Portal Venous System ◽  
Portal Flow ◽  
Portosystemic Shunts ◽  
Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt

Portal hypertension is the main consequence of liver cirrhosis, leading to severe complications such as variceal hemorrhage, ascites or hepatic encephalopathy. As an attempt to decompress the portal venous system, portal flow is derived into the systemic venous system through spontaneous portosystemic shunts (SPSSs), bypassing the liver. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the published reports in relation to the prevalence and physiopathology behind the appearance of SPSS in liver cirrhosis, as well as the complications derived from its formation and its management. The role of SPSS embolization is specifically discussed, as SPSSs have been assessed as a therapeutic target, mainly for patients with recurrent/persistent hepatic encephalopathy and preserved liver function. Furthermore, different aspects of the role of SPSS in liver transplantation, as well as in candidates for transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt are reviewed. In these settings, SPSS occlusion has been proposed to minimize possible deleterious effects, but results are so far inconclusive.

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Visualization of the Coronary Venous System Using Multidetector Row Computed Tomography

2005 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Tada ◽  
Kenji Kurosaki ◽  
Shigeto Naito ◽  
Keiko Koyama ◽  
Kazuhiro Itoi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Venous System ◽  
Multidetector Row Computed Tomography ◽  
Multidetector Row ◽  
Coronary Venous System
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