Special Issue on Integrated Knowledge on Innovative Robot Mechanisms

A robot is a system integrated with many elements such as actuators, sensors, computers, and mechanical components. Currently, progress in the field of artificial intelligence induced by tremendous improvements in computer processing capabilities has enabled robots to behave in a more sophisticated manner, which is drawing considerable attention. On the other hand, the mechanism that directly produces robot movements and mechanical work sometimes brings out some competencies that cannot be provided solely by computer control that relies on sensor feedback. This special issue on “Integrated Knowledge on Innovative Robot Mechanisms” aims to introduce a knowledge system for robot mechanisms that bring forth useful and innovative functions and values. The editors hope that the studies discussed in this special issue will help in the realization and further improvement of the mechanical functions of robots in the real world.

Download Full-text

Introduction to the Special Issue on IAAI 2008

AI Magazine ◽

10.1609/aimag.v30i2.2242 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 15

Author(s):

Mehmet H. Goker ◽

Karen Zita Haigh

Keyword(s):

Artificial Intelligence ◽

Real World ◽

End Users ◽

Special Issue ◽

The Real ◽

Complex Technology ◽

Pure Research

The goal of the Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence (IAAI) conference is to highlight new, innovative, systems and application areas of AI technology and to point out the often-overlooked difficulties involved in deploying complex technology to end users. Those of us who have ventured out of the realm of pure research and tried to build applications to be used by our fellow humans realize that it takes a lot more than just brilliant algorithms to make an application survive in the real world. Each application that succeeds is worth celebrating and the teams behind them are due wholehearted congratulations. It is in this spirit that we bring you this special issue covering select applications from the IAAI conference held last year in Chicago.

Download Full-text

GazeEMD: Detecting Visual Intention in Gaze-Based Human-Robot Interaction

Robotics ◽

10.3390/robotics10020068 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 68

Author(s):

Lei Shi ◽

Cosmin Copot ◽

Steve Vanlanduit

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Load ◽

Real World ◽

Robotic Manipulator ◽

Similarity Score ◽

Human Robot Interaction ◽

Experimental Results ◽

The Other ◽

Robot Interaction ◽

Run Length ◽

The Real

In gaze-based Human-Robot Interaction (HRI), it is important to determine human visual intention for interacting with robots. One typical HRI interaction scenario is that a human selects an object by gaze and a robotic manipulator will pick up the object. In this work, we propose an approach, GazeEMD, that can be used to detect whether a human is looking at an object for HRI application. We use Earth Mover’s Distance (EMD) to measure the similarity between the hypothetical gazes at objects and the actual gazes. Then, the similarity score is used to determine if the human visual intention is on the object. We compare our approach with a fixation-based method and HitScan with a run length in the scenario of selecting daily objects by gaze. Our experimental results indicate that the GazeEMD approach has higher accuracy and is more robust to noises than the other approaches. Hence, the users can lessen cognitive load by using our approach in the real-world HRI scenario.

Download Full-text

Responsibility and obligation in the ‘Responsibility to Protect’

Review of International Studies ◽

10.1017/s0260210511000106 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 36 (S1) ◽

pp. 25-46 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

WILLIAM BAIN

Keyword(s):

International Law ◽

Real World ◽

The Other ◽

Responsibility To Protect ◽

Men And Women ◽

The Real

AbstractThis article takes up Louise Arbour's claim that the doctrine of the ‘Responsibility to Protect’ is grounded in existing obligations of international law, specifically those pertaining to the prevention and punishment of genocide. In doing so, it argues that the aspirations of the R2P project cannot be sustained by the idea of ‘responsibility’ alone. The article proceeds in arguing that the coherence of R2P depends on an unacknowledged and unarticulated theory of obligation that connects notions of culpability, blame, and accountability with the kind of preventive, punitive, and restorative action that Arbour and others advocate. Two theories of obligation are then offered, one natural the other conventional, which make this connection explicit. But the ensuing clarity comes at a cost: the naturalist account escapes the ‘real’ world to redeem the intrinsic dignity of all men and women, while the conventionalist account remains firmly tethered to the ‘real’ world in redeeming whatever dignity can be had by way of an agreement. The article concludes by arguing that the advocate of the responsibility to protect can have one or the other, but not both.

Download Full-text

Ethics of identity in the time of big data

First Monday ◽

10.5210/fm.v24i5.9624 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

James Brusseau

Keyword(s):

Big Data ◽

Personal Identity ◽

Real World ◽

Natural Law ◽

The Other ◽

Ethical Question ◽

Human Relationships ◽

The Real ◽

Ethical Frameworks ◽

Big Data Technology

Compartmentalizing our distinct personal identities is increasingly difficult in big data reality. Pictures of the person we were on past vacations resurface in employers’ Google searches; LinkedIn which exhibits our income level is increasingly used as a dating web site. Whether on vacation, at work, or seeking romance, our digital selves stream together. One result is that a perennial ethical question about personal identity has spilled out of philosophy departments and into the real world. Ought we possess one, unified identity that coherently integrates the various aspects of our lives, or, incarnate deeply distinct selves suited to different occasions and contexts? At bottom, are we one, or many? The question is not only palpable today, but also urgent because if a decision is not made by us, the forces of big data and surveillance capitalism will make it for us by compelling unity. Speaking in favor of the big data tendency, Facebook’s Mark Zuckerberg promotes the ethics of an integrated identity, a single version of selfhood maintained across diverse contexts and human relationships. This essay goes in the other direction by sketching two ethical frameworks arranged to defend our compartmentalized identities, which amounts to promoting the dis-integration of our selves. One framework connects with natural law, the other with language, and both aim to create a sense of selfhood that breaks away from its own past, and from the unifying powers of big data technology.

Download Full-text

The Great Debate: General Ability and Specific Abilities in the Prediction of Important Outcomes

Journal of Intelligence ◽

10.3390/jintelligence6030039 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 39 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Harrison Kell ◽

Jonas Lang

Keyword(s):

Real World ◽

Cognitive Abilities ◽

Special Issue ◽

The Real ◽

General Ability ◽

Great Debate ◽

Relative Value

The relative value of specific versus general cognitive abilities for the prediction of practical outcomes has been debated since the inception of modern intelligence theorizing and testing. This editorial introduces a special issue dedicated to exploring this ongoing “great debate”. It provides an overview of the debate, explains the motivation for the special issue and two types of submissions solicited, and briefly illustrates how differing conceptualizations of cognitive abilities demand different analytic strategies for predicting criteria, and that these different strategies can yield conflicting findings about the real-world importance of general versus specific abilities.

Download Full-text