Conclusion

The conclusion argues that the historic preparation of the clergy for public engagement diminished significantly with the realignment of theological education with the modern university. Shifting from a liberal arts paradigm to a university model of specialization (academically and professionally) had the effects of (1) narrowing engagement with the social arenas of culture building, (2) shifting the nature of religious charisma and authority, (3) circumscribing the place and function of public oratory, (4) reshaping theology in relation to a generalized ideal of science, (5) developing new theologies that begin to marginalize confessional and ritual traditions, and (6) leading to the growing divide in the curriculum between the “pure research” of the German model verses the vocational pragmatism of the American approach. The book concludes with “best practices” from earlier clergy education that have much to offer contemporary reforms.

O Bem Viver como paradigma civilizatório: contribuições na (re)significação do conceito de trabalho decente

El ‘Buen Vivir’ (Sumak Kawsay) se entiende como un fundamento ético que estimula el diálogo de conocimientos y el despertar de un compromiso emergente con la vida a gran escala, la vida del planeta. Al asegurar la armonía en la convivencia de los seres (individuo, sociedad y planeta), la investigación verificó si esta propuesta (filosófica) contribuye para un paradigma civilizador emergente, especialmente en relación al concepto de Trabajo Decente. Los objetivos del estudio fueron identificar los pilares éticos del Buen Vivir, describir su concepción político-legal con enfoque constitucional y verificar el potencial para promover el (re) significado del concepto de Trabajo Decente. A respecto de los resultados se verificó que el Buen Vivir eleva la valorización del ser humano, a diferencia de la visión eurocéntrica que promueve el trabajo como valor de utilidad. Es una investigación pura, con un enfoque cualitativo e inductivo. En relación a los fines, se utilizó el método descriptivo. La interpretación fue predominantemente sociológica. Los resultados se expusieron en forma de textos. Palabras-llave: Buen Vivir; Sumak Kawsay; Trabajo decente; Eurocentrismo; América Latina. Resumo O ‘Bem Viver’ (Sumak Kawsay) é compreendido como fundamento ético que estimula o diálogo de saberes e o despertar de um emergente compromisso com a vida em grande escala, a vida do planeta. Ao assegurar harmonia na convivência dos seres (indivíduo, sociedade e planeta), a pesquisa verificou se essa proposta (filosófica) contribui em relação a um emergente paradigma civilizatório, especialmente quanto ao conceito de Trabalho Decente. Os objetivos do estudo consistiram em identificar os pilares éticos do Bem Viver, descrever sua concepção político-jurídica sob viés constitucional e verificar o potencial para promover a (re)significação do conceito de Trabalho Decente. Em relação aos resultados, reconheceu-se que o Bem Viver potencializa a valorização da pessoa humana, divergindo da visão eurocêntrica que promove o trabalho enquanto valor de utilidade. Trata-se de pesquisa pura, de abordagem qualitativa e indutiva. Em relação aos fins, utilizou-se o método descritivo. A interpretação foi, predominantemente, sociológica. Os resultados foram expostos em forma de textos. Palavras-chave: Bem Viver; Sumak Kawsay; Trabalho Decente; Eurocentrismo; América Latina ABSTRACT ‘Buen Vivir’ (Sumak Kawsay) is understood as an ethical foundation that stimulates the dialogue of knowledge and the awakening of an emerging commitment to life on a large scale, the life of the planet. By ensuring harmony in the coexistence of beings (individual, society and planet), the research verified if this proposal (philosophical) contributes in relation to an emerging civilizing paradigm, especially regarding the concept of Decent Work. The objectives that guided this study were to identify the ethical pillars of Buen Vivir, to describe its political-legal conception with a constitutional approach and to verify the potential to promote the (re)meaning of the concept of Decent Work. It was concluded that Buen Vivir enhances the valorization of the human person diverging from the Eurocentric vision that promotes work as a useful value. It is a pure research, with a qualitative and inductive approach. In relation to the ends, the descriptive method was used and the method of interpretation was sociological. The results were exposed as texts. Keywords: Buen Vivir; Sumak Kawsay; Decent Work; Eurocentrism; Latin America.

Grup Automorfisma Graf Tangga dan Graf Lingkaran

Abstrak. Automorfisma dari suatu graf G merupakan isomorfisma dari graf G ke dirinya sendiri, yaitu fungsi yang memetakan dirinya sendiri. Automorfisma suatu graf dapat dicari dengan menentukan semua kemungkinan fungsi yang satu-satu, onto serta isomorfisma dari himpunan titik pada graf tersebut. Artikel ini difokuskan pada penentuan banyaknya fungsi pada graf tangga dan graf lingkaran yang automorfisma serta grup yang dibentuk oleh himpunan automorfisma dari kedua graf tersebut. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dasar atau penelitian murni dan metode yang digunakan adalah studi literatur. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa graf tangga membentuk grup abelian berorde-2, graf tangga membentuk grup dihedral berorde-8, dan graf tangga membentuk grup abelian berorde-4. Sedangkan graf lingkaran membentuk grup dihedral berorde-2n.Kata Kunci: Automorfisma, Graf Lingkaran, Graf Tangga, GrupAbstract. An automorphism of a graph G is an isomorphism of graph G to itself i.e. the function that maps onto itself. An automorphism of a graph can be looked for by determining all possible functions which is one-to-one, onto, and isomorphism from vertex set at the graph. This article is focused on determining the number of automorphism functions on ladder graph and cycle graph and the groups formed by the two graphs. The tipe of this research is basic research or pure research and the research method used is literarture review. The result show that ladder graph forms an abelian group of order 2, ladder graph forms a dihedral group of order 8, and ladder graph forms an abelian group of order 4. In other side, cycle graph , forms a dihedral group of order 2n.Keywords: Automorphism, Cycle Graph, Ladder Graph, Group

9. Enzymes and genes—new horizons

‘Enzymes and genes—new horizons’ studies molecular genetics. It details how the method of ‘site-directed mutagenesis’ opened the door to what rapidly became known as protein engineering. Initially, people wondered whether mutated proteins would fold up properly. Occasionally they did not, but, overall, protein engineering has been remarkably successful and has become a powerful tool for pure research, allowing one to test the contribution of different parts of a protein structure with surgical precision. Amino acid dehydrogenases are a family of enzymes. There have been three breakthrough discoveries in modern molecular genetics that rely on remarkable enzymes. These discoveries have transformed biotechnology, biology, and people’s lives.

Konsep Spiritual Quotient Menurut Danah Zohar dan Ian Marshall Dalam Perspektif Pendidikan Islam

Spiritual Quotient (SQ), which is the foundation needed to function Intelligent Quotient (IQ) and Emotional Quotient (EQ) effectively. Even SQ is the highest intelligence. So that humans who have high SQ are a category of people who have noble morals. So Islamic education will play a role in aspects of humanity which can actually be maximized through SQ sensitivity. This study is intended to answer the following problems: (1) What is the General Concept of Spiritual Quotient? (2) What is the Concept of Spiritual Quotient in the Perspective of Islamic Education? These problems are discussed through library data collection, reading, taking notes, and processing research materials. This scientific work is a type of library research research, which is a series of activities related to the methods of collecting library data, reading, taking notes, and processing research materials which are library research or pure research. All data were analyzed using a philosophical approach. This study shows that: (1) Spiritual intelligence (SQ) means the ability to know and understand ourselves fully as spiritual beings and as part of the universe. Having spiritual intelligence means that we fully understand the meaning and essence of the life we live and where humans are going. Based on these two concepts, it shows that Western SQ is more oriented towards the completion and achievement of world happiness, while Islamic SQ is more about achieving happiness in the world and the hereafter. If both are used ideally, SQ can be implemented in order to achieve "happiness" both in this world and in the hereafter. (2) The concept of Spiritual Quotient in the perspective of Islamic education is spirituality education that can sharpen the quality of spiritual intelligence, namely the values of spirituality itself which are aimed at education

Penerapan Logika Matematika Terhadap Permasalahan Sosial Uang Panai’ di Masyarakat Bugis-Makassar

Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian murni (kajian teori dan aplikasi dari logika matematika) yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui lebih lanjut mengenai permasalahan sosial Uang Panai’ di daerah Sulawesi Selatan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mengumpulkan data dari responden, lalu menyaJikannya kedalam bentuk premis yang kemudian dituangkan kedalam logika matematika untuk menentukan nilai kebenaran dan menyimpulkannya. Dari panelitian ini diperoleh beberapa hal mengenai permasalahan Sosial Uang Panai’ diantaranya yaitu hal-hal yang menyebabkan mahalnya Uang Panai’ dan dampak-dampak dari mahalnya Uang Panai’ , baik itu dampak positif maupun dampak negatifnya.Kata kunci: Uang Panai’, logika matematik This research is categorized as pure research (a study of theory and implementation from math logic) which is aimed to know more about social problem of Uang Panai’ in south sulawesi. This research conducted by collection data from respondent and then presented in the statements form wich would be presented in math logic to determine the true value and conclude it. The result of this research showed some social cases of Uang Panai’ included the factors which caused the high cost of Uang Panai’ and the effects of it (positive and negative effect).Keywords: Uang Panai’, math logic

Building a Distributed Virtual Laboratory Adjacent to Academia

A number of contemporary forces have conspired to drive highly-competent academics away from the academy. The vagaries of departmental hiring, institutional conservatism, and growth in the number of researchers versus available positions have displaced talent and innovation. Enter the alt-academic institution: small-scale institutions engaged in academic research in niche areas that are not viable at conventional institutions. I will introduce the reader to a specialized type of alt-academic institution by discussing their economics, organizational structure, and approach to collaboration/mentorship. Additionally, innovations such as infrastructural innovation, open access pipelines with version control, heterarchical organization, and a flexible contribution philosophy have made such institutions possible. The main subjects for this point of view article will be the OpenWorm Foundation (http://openworm.org/) and the Orthogonal Research and Education Laboratory (https://orthogonal-research.weebly.com/). Readers are also provided with an account of institutional challenges, from article/book access to encouraging collaborative participation. As recent financial crises and pandemics have made clear, we need robust alternative institutions to overcome challenges to the pure research enterprise. Distributed virtual alt-academic institutions can also serve to increase diversity and overall participation in the research enterprise. This has positive consequences for science literacy and discovery more generally.

The Concept of a University: Theory, Practice, and Society

Current disputes over the nature and purpose of the university are rooted in a philosophical divide between theory and practice. Academics often defend the concept of a university devoted to purely theoretical activities. Politicians and wider society tend to argue that the university should take on more practical concerns. I critique two typical defenses of the theoretical concept—one historical and one based on the value of pure research—and show that neither the theoretical nor the practical concept of a university accommodates all the important goals expected of university research and teaching. Using the classical pragmatist argument against a sharp division between theory and practice, I show how we can move beyond the debate between the theoretical and practical concepts of a university, while maintaining a place for pure and applied research, liberal and vocational education, and social impact through both economic applications and criticism aimed at promoting social justice.

Adapting Translational Research Methods to Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene

Translational research applies scientific techniques to achieve practical outcomes, connecting pure research and pure practice. Many translational research types have arisen since the mid-1900s, reflecting the need to better integrate scientific advancement with policy and practice. Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WaSH) development efforts have aimed to reduce morbidity and mortality and improve service delivery; thus, associated research has a strong orientation toward applied studies that use diverse methods to support decision-making. Drawing from knowledge that emerged to support other professional fields, such as manufacturing and clinical healthcare, we characterize different types of translational research and clarify nomenclature and principles. We describe study approaches relevant to translational research questions, and offer overarching recommendations, specific examples, and resources for further study as practical advice to professionals who seek to apply translational methods to WaSH problems. To enhance collective outcomes, professionals should mindfully align projects within the translational spectrum. We further recommend overarching good practices such as documenting intervention adaptations, overtly considering contextual factors, and better distinguishing efficacy from effectiveness research by replicating studies in different contexts. By consciously improving the compatibility and linkages between WaSH science and practice, this guide can accelerate urgently needed progress toward global development goals.

Pengaruh Konsentrasi dan Time Efek Ekstrak Batang Serai Wangi (Cymbopogon nardus) dalam Bentuk Spray sebagai Bioinsektisida Nyamuk Aedes aegypti

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever is an insect tropic disease that always threatens the Indonesian population every year and becomes an outbreak in several regencies/cities in Indonesia after the changing seasons. The Aedes aegypti mosquito vector control effort has been carried out both physically with the PSN program or chemically using synthetic insecticides that can be directed against both adult mosquitoes and larvae. Fragrant citronella extract based on previous research contains many alkaloid compounds that can inhibit cholinesterase enzymes such as synthetic organophosphate class insecticides. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of concentration and time effect of citronella extract (Cymbopogon nardus) in the form of a spray as a natural bioinsecticide to control the Aedes aegypti mosquito. This research belongs to a pure research design (true experiment) with factorial design. The research unit has 3 units plus 1 unit as a control using 25 mosquitoes for each research unit. Data analysis in this study used the Repeated Measure GLM and Probit analysis. The results showed that the concentration and time effect of citronella extract had a test result of 0.0001 <0.005. The conclusion of the study was the effect of concentration and time effect of citronella extract on the death of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. The results of the probit analysis found that the value of LT50 was 27.49 minutes after the intervention and LC50 was 3,198 ppm. Keywords: Frarant of citronella , spray, Aedes aegypti