scholarly journals Innate Phagocytosis and P2X7 Receptor Function: a Comparison of Endophthalmitis Patients and Population Controls

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Hurley ◽  
Rosie Claire Hewitt Dawkins ◽  
Xin Huang ◽  
Baijun Gu ◽  
Penelope Allen

Abstract Background Endophthalmitis is an uncommon and serious intraocular infection. Endophthalmitis most commonly follows on from cataract surgery or intravitreal injections. The rate of endophthalmitis has fallen in recent years with improved surgical techniques, and infection control. However, despite all precautions, cases of endophthalmitis continue to present. It is possible that poor intraocular immune function makes some patients susceptible to endophthalmitis. We propose that innate phagocytic function is one determinant of the development of endophthalmitis. In order to investigate this, we measured the innate phagocytic function and P2X7 receptor function acutely and at intervals through convalesence for patients who developed endophthalmitis, and compared it with the function of a published population control group.Methods Patients presented to a tertiary eye hospital emergency department with acute endophthalmitis. Informed consent was obtained, and peripheral blood taken. Innate phagocytosis of ethidium and fluorescent latex beads was then quantified using a validated flow cytometric-method at the Florey Institute. Patients had repeat bloods taken at 1 week and 3 months after recruitment.Results P2X7 receptor function was significantly reduced in the endophthalmitis cohort compared to controls. P2X7 function improved through convalescence as patients recovered from endophthalmitis but did not improve to the level of controls. Phagocytic function was reduced in the endophthalmitis cohort compared to controls at all time points. There was no improvement in phagocytic function observed as patients recovered from endophthalmitis.Conclusions The data from this study showed greatly lowered phagocytic function and P2X7 function in patients who developed endophthalmitis, as compared to population controls. This important finding may allow us to predict susceptibility or guide future therapeutics through enhancement of innate phagocytic function.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Hurley ◽  
Rosie Claire Hewitt Dawkins ◽  
Xin Huang ◽  
Baijun Gu ◽  
Penelope Allen

Abstract The authors have withdrawn this preprint from Research Square


1997 ◽  
Vol 202 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A Model ◽  
Mark A KuKuruga ◽  
Robert F Todd

1997 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. C. M. Hendriks ◽  
A. J. M. De Man ◽  
Y. C. M. Van Berkel ◽  
S. Stienstra ◽  
T. De Witte

2004 ◽  
Vol 173 (7) ◽  
pp. 4652-4660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Ferrari ◽  
Cinzia Pizzirani ◽  
Elena Adinolfi ◽  
Sylvia Forchap ◽  
Barbara Sitta ◽  
...  

2006 ◽  
Vol 315 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wannee Kantakamalakul ◽  
Kovit Pattanapanyasat ◽  
Surat Jongrakthaitae ◽  
Vatcharain Assawadarachai ◽  
Silawun Ampol ◽  
...  

2017 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 498-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Guy ◽  
Orianne Wagner-Ballon ◽  
Olivier Pages ◽  
François Bailly ◽  
Jessica Borgeot ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago H. J. F. Leite ◽  
Álvaro G. A. Ferreira ◽  
Jean-Luc Imler ◽  
João T. Marques

Aedes aegypti mosquitoes are vectors for arboviruses of medical importance such as dengue (DENV) and Zika (ZIKV) viruses. Different innate immune pathways contribute to the control of arboviruses in the mosquito vector including RNA interference, Toll and Jak-STAT pathways. However, the role of cellular responses mediated by circulating macrophage-like cells known as hemocytes remains unclear. Here we show that hemocytes are recruited to the midgut of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes in response to DENV or ZIKV. Blockade of the phagocytic function of hemocytes using latex beads induced increased accumulation of hemocytes in the midgut and a reduction in virus infection levels in this organ. In contrast, inhibition of phagocytosis by hemocytes led to increased systemic dissemination and replication of DENV and ZIKV. Hence, our work reveals a dual role for hemocytes in Ae. aegypti mosquitoes, whereby phagocytosis is not required to control viral infection in the midgut but is essential to restrict systemic dissemination. Further understanding of the mechanism behind this duality could help the design of vector-based strategies to prevent transmission of arboviruses.


2010 ◽  
Vol 77A (11) ◽  
pp. 1091-1097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Vines ◽  
Gethin J. McBean ◽  
Alfonso Blanco-Fernández

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saurabh Singh ◽  
Vasker Bhattacherjee ◽  
Partha Mukhopadhyay ◽  
Christopher A. Worth ◽  
Samuel R. Wellhausen ◽  
...  

During the early stages of embryogenesis, pluripotent neural crest cells (NCC) are known to migrate from the neural folds to populate multiple target sites in the embryo where they differentiate into various derivatives, including cartilage, bone, connective tissue, melanocytes, glia, and neurons of the peripheral nervous system. The ability to obtain pure NCC populations is essential to enable molecular analyses of neural crest induction, migration, and/or differentiation. CrossingWnt1-CreandZ/EGtransgenic mouse lines resulted in offspring in which theWnt1-Cretransgene activated permanent EGFP expression only in NCC. The present report demonstrates a flow cytometric method to sort and isolate populations of EGFP-labeled NCC. The identity of the sorted neural crest cells was confirmed by assaying expression of known marker genes by TaqMan Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (QRT-PCR). The molecular strategy described in this report provides a means to extract intact RNA from a pure population of NCC thus enabling analysis of gene expression in a defined population of embryonic precursor cells critical to development.


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